ATI RN
Pediatric Neurological NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An adolescent female is complaining from chronic progressive headache that is gradually increasing in frequency and severity, her headachare worse when lying down and in the first awaking. Of the following, the MOST likely cause is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pseudotumor cerebri causchronic, progressive headachworse lying down or morning, per neurology texts, from idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Anxiety and depression lack positional worsening; epilepsy involvseizures; substance abuse is nonspecific. IIHs ICP pattern makes C the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
A 5-month-old boy presented with brief contractions of the neck, trunk, and arm muscles, followed by a phase of sustained muscle contraction lasting less than 2 seconds. His EEG pattern consists of chaotic high-voltage slow waves, spikes, and polyspikes. Of the following, the first-line treatment in this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACTH is first-line for infantile spasms, per AAN, with chaotic EEG (hypsarrhythmia) and brief flexor/extensor spasms. Phenobarbital and valproate are less effective; midazolam acute; ethosuximide absence. ACTHs efficacy in spasms makes A the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Neuromuscular disease affects any component of the lower motor neuron unit. The distribution of muscle weakness can point toward specific diseases. The proximal muscle weakness is seen in
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dermatomyositis causproximal weakness, per rheumatology, from inflammatory myopathy affecting shoulder/hip girdles. Polyneuropathy and HMSN are distal; myotonic dystrophy mixed; distal myopathy distal. Proximal pattern make B the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy and can affect patients of all ages. The diagnosis is usually by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nerve conduction velocity diagnosCIDP, per AAN, showing demyelination (slowing, conduction block). Clinical exam supports; genetic for hereditary; MRI spinal; CSF adjunctive. NCVs specificity makes C the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
The CT scan report of your patient who complained from hemiparesis is as follow: unilateral clefts within the cerebral hemispherthat extend from the cortical surface to the ventricular cavity. Of the following, the MOST likely cause of this description is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Schizencephaly matchunilateral clefts from cortex to ventricle on CT, per neurology, causing hemiparesis from migration defects. Lissencephaly lacks gyri; pachygyria thick gyri; polymicrogyria excessive folds. Cleft specificity makes A the correct answer.