An adolescent female client is working with a nurse about the same age as her mother. The adolescent reacts to the nurse like she is a parent. This is an example of

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Transference. Transference occurs when a client projects feelings they have towards significant others onto the therapist or healthcare provider. In this case, the adolescent client is transferring feelings she has towards her mother onto the nurse who is of a similar age, causing her to react as if the nurse is a parental figure. Option A) Projection involves attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another person, which is not the case in this scenario. The nurse is not projecting her feelings onto the client. Option C) Countertransference refers to the healthcare provider's emotional response to the client, which is not evident in the given scenario. The focus here is on the client's reaction to the nurse, not the other way around. Option D) Resistance involves the client's reluctance or opposition to the therapeutic process, which is not demonstrated in the scenario provided. In an educational context, understanding transference is crucial in therapeutic relationships, especially in mental health settings. By recognizing and addressing transference, healthcare providers can help clients explore and process underlying emotions and experiences, leading to more effective therapeutic outcomes. It also highlights the importance of self-awareness and boundaries in the therapeutic relationship.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Albert Bandura showed that learning occurs by internalizing the behaviors of others through a process of modeling, or one person trying to be similar to another. B. F. Skinner studied operant behavior or conditioning. Frederick Perls believed that the root of human anxiety is frustration with an inability to express natural biologic and psychological desires in modern civilization. In nursing, Maslow's model is used to prioritize care; basic needs should be met before higher level needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Decrease her visits to the patient. During the termination phase of the nurse-patient relationship, it is essential to gradually decrease contact to allow the patient to transition to a more independent state. This gradual reduction in visits helps the patient develop coping skills and self-reliance, which are crucial for their ongoing mental health. Option A) Planning short-term goals is more aligned with the working phase of the nurse-patient relationship where goals are set and worked on collaboratively. This task is not appropriate for the termination phase. Option C) Developing realistic solutions is a task more suited for the problem-solving aspect of the nurse-patient relationship, typically seen in the working phase. It focuses on addressing immediate issues and finding solutions together. Option D) Trying to keep the patient dependent on her is not appropriate at any phase of the nurse-patient relationship. The goal is to empower the patient to become more self-sufficient and independent, especially during the termination phase. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate tasks for each phase of the nurse-patient relationship is crucial for providing effective care. It ensures that the nurse supports the patient's growth and development while maintaining professional boundaries. By recognizing the significance of decreasing visits during the termination phase, nurses can facilitate a smoother transition for the patient as they continue their mental health journey independently.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Involuntary muscle movements. Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) are known side effects of antipsychotic medications like chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine). These side effects include symptoms such as dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia, all of which involve involuntary muscle movements. Option A) Dysfunction of the cardiovascular system is incorrect because EPS does not primarily involve cardiovascular issues but rather motor disturbances. Option C) Similar to a seizure disorder is incorrect as EPS is different from seizure disorders in terms of underlying mechanisms and presentation. Option D) Toxic reaction of the liver is also incorrect as EPS is not related to liver toxicity but rather to neurological side effects of the medication. Educationally, understanding EPS is crucial for nurses caring for clients on antipsychotic medications. Recognizing and managing these side effects promptly can improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Nurses should be knowledgeable about EPS symptoms, risk factors, and interventions to provide safe and effective care for clients experiencing these side effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) The employee criticizes a coworker. Displacement is a defense mechanism where an individual redirects their emotions or impulses from the original target to a substitute target. In this case, the employee is unable to confront the boss directly, so they displace their feelings onto a coworker by criticizing them instead. Option A is incorrect because assertively confronting the boss would not align with the defense mechanism of displacement. Option B is also incorrect as leaving the meeting to work out in the gym is unrelated to the situation described. Option D is incorrect as taking the boss out to lunch does not reflect the behavior expected from someone using displacement. From an educational perspective, understanding defense mechanisms like displacement is essential in behavioral theories of mental health. This knowledge helps individuals recognize and address maladaptive coping strategies, leading to better emotional regulation and interpersonal relationships in the workplace and beyond. By learning about defense mechanisms, individuals can develop healthier ways of managing conflicts and stress.