An adolescent diagnosed with CD has aggression, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and mood symptoms. The treatment team believes this adolescent may benefit from medication. The nurse anticipates the health care provider will prescribe which type of medication?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Second-generation antipsychotic. For a patient with CD exhibiting aggression, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and mood symptoms, second-generation antipsychotics are often prescribed due to their efficacy in managing these symptoms. These medications help regulate dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain, addressing the behavioral and emotional issues commonly seen in CD. Antianxiety medications (B) primarily target anxiety symptoms and may not adequately address the other symptoms present. Calcium channel blockers (C) are typically used for hypertension and heart conditions, not for CD symptoms. β-blockers (D) are more commonly used for conditions like hypertension and performance anxiety, and are not typically indicated for the symptoms associated with CD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Valproic acid (Depakote). Valproic acid is a mood stabilizer commonly used in bipolar disorder. It helps control manic episodes and can be an alternative to lithium. Valproic acid works by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain, stabilizing mood. Sertraline (A) and Paroxetine (D) are antidepressants, which can worsen manic episodes in bipolar disorder. Trazodone (C) is primarily used for treating depression and insomnia, not for mood stabilization in bipolar disorder.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lithium carbonate toxicity. The symptoms of severe diarrhea, blurred vision, and tinnitus are indicative of lithium toxicity. Severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration, which can exacerbate lithium toxicity. Blurred vision and tinnitus are neurological symptoms associated with lithium toxicity. It is important for the nurse to recognize these symptoms as signs of lithium toxicity and take appropriate action. A: Consumption of foods high in tyramine is not related to the symptoms described. Tyramine is not known to cause severe diarrhea, blurred vision, or tinnitus. B: Common side effects of lithium carbonate typically include mild gastrointestinal upset, tremors, and increased thirst, not the severe symptoms described in the question. C: Lithium carbonate tolerance refers to the body's ability to withstand higher doses of lithium over time. It does not present with the acute, severe symptoms described in the question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide client with high-calorie finger foods throughout the day. This intervention is appropriate for a client experiencing a manic episode in bipolar disorder because they may have increased energy expenditure and decreased interest in eating, leading to weight loss. Providing high-calorie finger foods can help increase caloric intake and promote weight gain. Choice B is incorrect as it does not address the specific need for high-calorie foods and may not be effective in ensuring adequate caloric intake. Choice C, initiating parenteral nutrition, is unnecessary and invasive for this client's situation as oral intake should be encouraged first. Choice D, teaching about the importance of a varied diet, is not as effective in the short term for a client in a manic episode who may struggle with maintaining a balanced diet.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because diarrhea and ringing in the ears are common side effects of lithium carbonate that require immediate medical attention. This demonstrates the client's understanding of the importance of monitoring for potential adverse effects. Option A is incorrect as lithium carbonate may take weeks to show full effects. Option C is incorrect as doubling the dose can lead to toxicity. Option D is incorrect as lithium does not require salt restriction.