ATI RN
Quizlet Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
An adhesion of the prepuce to the head of the penis, making it impossible to retract, is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Phimosis. Phimosis is the adhesion of the prepuce to the head of the penis, leading to the inability to retract the foreskin. This condition can cause pain, difficulty urinating, and increased risk of infections. Paraphimosis (choice A) is the painful retraction of a foreskin that is stuck behind the glans. Smegma (choice C) is a buildup of dead skin cells and oils under the foreskin. Dyschezia (choice D) is difficulty in passing stools. In this case, phimosis best describes the situation of adhesion preventing foreskin retraction.
Question 2 of 5
Imipenem has the broadest spectrum of activity currently available to beta-lactams. This include antimicrobial activity against the following organisms EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Imipenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic, and some atypical bacteria. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an atypical bacteria lacking a cell wall, making it resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics like imipenem. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are all susceptible to imipenem due to their cell wall composition.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following fungicidal drug that acts by inhibiting fungal squalene epoxidase enzyme and is the drug of choice for onychomycosis of the toe nails in 56 year old woman with diabetes?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Terbinafine is a fungicidal drug that inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase enzyme, disrupting fungal cell membrane synthesis. Step 2: Onychomycosis of toenails is a common fungal infection that terbinafine is specifically effective against. Step 3: The patient being a 56-year-old woman with diabetes may require a drug with good efficacy and safety profile, making terbinafine an appropriate choice. Step 4: Griseofulvin (A) works by disrupting microtubule function, not inhibiting squalene epoxidase. Itraconazole (C) is an azole antifungal that inhibits ergosterol synthesis, not squalene epoxidase. Amphotericin B (D) is a polyene antifungal used for systemic mycoses, not onychomycosis.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following drug used in the treatment of filariasis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diethylcarbamazine is the correct answer for treating filariasis because it targets the microfilariae, adult worms, and larvae of filarial parasites. It is specifically designed to kill these parasites and is considered the drug of choice for filariasis treatment. Albendazole, Levamisole, and Piperazine are not effective against filarial parasites and are used for different types of infections or conditions. Albendazole is mainly used for treating intestinal worms, Levamisole is used for parasitic infections in animals, and Piperazine is used for treating pinworm infections. Thus, only Diethylcarbamazine directly targets and eliminates filarial parasites, making it the correct choice for filariasis treatment.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drug that acts by inhibiting HIV protease enzyme?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment. 2. It works by inhibiting the HIV protease enzyme, preventing viral replication. 3. Lamivudine, Efavirenz, and Stavudine are not protease inhibitors but work through different mechanisms. 4. Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and Stavudine is another nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Summary: Ritonavir is the correct answer as it directly targets the HIV protease enzyme, unlike the other options which act on reverse transcriptase enzymes.