An acute, transient phase, of inflammation is characterized by:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. During acute inflammation, the initial response is vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. 2. This leads to increased blood flow, redness, heat, and swelling at the site of injury. 3. The purpose is to deliver immune cells and proteins to the affected area to fight off pathogens. 4. Infiltration of leukocytes and phagocytic cells occurs after vasodilation in the exudation phase. 5. Tissue degeneration and fibrosis occur in the later stages of chronic inflammation, not in the acute phase. 6. Choice A is correct as it specifically describes the characteristics of the acute, transient phase of inflammation. Summary: - Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the characteristics of acute inflammation. - Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they describe phases or processes that occur in chronic inflammation or are not specific to the acute phase.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tocopherol. Tocopherol is a fat-soluble vitamin, specifically referring to Vitamin E. Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in fat and are stored in the body's fatty tissues, allowing for longer-term storage compared to water-soluble vitamins. Ascorbic acid (A) is Vitamin C, which is water-soluble. Thiamine (C) and Riboflavin (D) are both water-soluble B vitamins. Therefore, the correct choice is B because it is the only fat-soluble vitamin among the options provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: L-asparaginase. This enzyme is used in cancer therapy to treat certain types of leukemia by depleting asparagine, an essential amino acid for cancer cell growth. Pepsin (A) is a digestive enzyme, urokinase (B) is involved in fibrinolysis, and lysozyme (D) is an antimicrobial enzyme, none of which are used in cancer therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lovastatin (Mevacor). Lovastatin is a statin medication used to lower cholesterol levels. It can cause muscle damage, particularly when used in combination with drugs like erythromycin, which can increase lovastatin levels in the body, leading to an increased risk of muscle-related side effects. Cholestyramine (A) is a bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol, but it does not cause muscle damage. Gemfibrozil (C) and Probucol (D) are also cholesterol-lowering drugs, but they are not known to cause significant muscle damage, especially when combined with erythromycin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Paget's disease. Etidronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat Paget's disease, a condition characterized by abnormal bone remodeling leading to bone deformities and pain. It helps inhibit bone resorption and reduce the risk of fractures. A: Malabsorption of vitamin D is not an indication for etidronate, as it does not address the underlying cause of the malabsorption. C: Vitamin D deficiency is not directly treated with etidronate. Supplementation or dietary changes are more appropriate. D: Hypercalciuria is not an indication for etidronate. Etidronate is not used to manage excessive calcium excretion.