An abnormal production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) could result from a dysfunction of the:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The hypothalamus produces ADH, which is stored and released by the pituitary gland. Dysfunction here could disrupt ADH production. The pituitary releases it, but the hypothalamus is the source.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hydrocephalus results from CSF flow blockage, causing fluid buildup and pressure on the brain. Meningitis is infection, paraplegia is paralysis from spinal damage, and encephalitis is brain inflammation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Grey matter consists primarily of neuronal cell bodies (B), which contain nuclei and process information. Axons (A) and dendrites (D) contribute to white and grey matter, but cell bodies dominate grey matter. Neuralgia (C) is a condition, not a structure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cerebellar disorders typically cause hypotonia (not increased tone, ruling out A), reduced reflexes (not exaggerated, ruling out B), and a wide-based, ataxic gait (C) due to impaired coordination. Consciousness is not lost (D) unless secondary complications arise, as the cerebellum does not govern consciousness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The premotor area (A, likely a typo), association motor areas (B, e.g., supplementary motor area), and frontal motor areas are motor regions. The temporal lobe (C) has some motor roles (e.g., speech), but the occipital lobe (D) is primarily visual, not motor. D is the exception.