ATI RN
jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
An 84-year-old male with prostatic hypertrophy is at increased risk of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urinary tract infections. Prostatic hypertrophy can cause obstruction of the urinary tract, leading to urinary retention and stasis, which increases the risk of urinary tract infections. Constipation (choice A) and fecal incontinence (choice B) are more related to issues with the gastrointestinal system rather than prostatic hypertrophy. Prostate cancer (choice D) is a separate condition that is not directly linked to prostatic hypertrophy. Therefore, the increased risk for an 84-year-old male with prostatic hypertrophy is urinary tract infections due to urinary obstruction.
Question 2 of 5
The medication that blocks the transportation of glucose across the intestines into the bloodstream to target prandial blood glucose is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acarbose (Precose). Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that blocks the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose in the intestines, reducing glucose absorption and lowering postprandial blood glucose levels. Metformin (A) works by decreasing glucose production in the liver. Rosiglitazone (C) is a thiazolidinedione that improves insulin sensitivity. Glipizide (D) is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. Acarbose specifically targets postprandial blood glucose by blocking glucose absorption in the intestines.
Question 3 of 5
The addition of benzoyl peroxide to erythromycin for the topical treatment of acne:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C is correct: 1. Benzoyl peroxide has antibacterial properties. 2. Combining benzoyl peroxide with erythromycin reduces bacterial resistance. 3. This combination therapy prevents the development of resistance to erythromycin. 4. Therefore, the risk of resistance to erythromycin is decreased. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect as benzoyl peroxide does not directly improve the efficacy of erythromycin. - Choice B is incorrect as desquamation is not directly affected by the addition of benzoyl peroxide. - Choice D is incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that benzoyl peroxide increases the time a patient can be exposed to sunlight.
Question 4 of 5
The most appropriate medication indicated for reversing the anticoagulated effects of dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Idarucizumab is a specific reversal agent for dabigatran, directly binding to dabigatran to neutralize its anticoagulant effects. 2. Vitamin K is ineffective for dabigatran reversal, as it mainly works on reversing the effects of vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants like warfarin. 3. Protamine sulfate is used for heparin reversal, not for direct thrombin inhibitor reversal like dabigatran. 4. Fondaparinux is a factor Xa inhibitor and not effective for reversing the effects of dabigatran.
Question 5 of 5
When palpating the prostate gland during the rectal exam, the prostate feels tender, swollen, boggy, and warm. This finding is consistent with:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute bacterial prostatitis. This is because the symptoms of tenderness, swelling, bogginess, and warmth are indicative of an acute inflammatory process, which is commonly seen in acute bacterial prostatitis. This condition typically presents with localized prostate tenderness and inflammation due to a bacterial infection. Other choices are incorrect because: A) A normal prostate gland should not exhibit these signs of inflammation. C) Benign prostatic hyperplasia is typically asymptomatic or may present with obstructive urinary symptoms, not acute inflammatory signs. D) Carcinoma of the prostate usually does not present with acute inflammatory findings on palpation.