An 83-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease is currently being treated with carbidopa/levodopa, but her Parkinson's symptoms are worsening. She has normal liver function and no history of liver disease. The physician adds tolcapone to her regimen on tolcapone. How does tolcapone help in Parkinson's disease?

An 83-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease is currently being treated with carbidopa/levodopa, but her Parkinson's symptoms are worsening. She has normal liver function and no history of liver disease. The physician adds tolcapone to her regimen on tolcapone. How does tolcapone help in Parkinson's disease?

A 55-year-old woman with schizophrenia has been taking fluphenazine for 10 years to control her symptoms. At her regular 6-month checkup today, she complains of uncontrollable lip puckering movements. What is the next step the physician should take?

A 53-year-old woman with schizophrenia managed for years with chlorpromazine complains of a dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and feeling tired. Low-potency typical antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine are known to interfere with many neurotransmitter receptors aside from their target. Which of the following type of receptors is spared from antagonism by chlorpromazine?

A 53-year-old woman is on a cruise to the Caribbean. The waters are somewhat choppy, and she fears that she will have motion sickness. She presents to the ship physician who gives her scopolamine to take to prevent motion sickness. This agent works in which of the following pathways?

After norepinephrine is released, it binds to receptors on the target organs. Then, it must be removed from the synaptic space. Which of the following mechanisms describes correct removal of norepinephrine from the synaptic space?