An 81-year-old female has a long-standing diagnosis of hypocalcemia secondary to kidney disease. She will be moving into an assisted living facility shortly. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nursing staff at the facility likely observe in this patient?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Muscular spasms and complaints of tingling in the hands/feet. Hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability, causing muscular spasms and tingling sensations in the extremities. Low levels of calcium can affect nerve function, leading to these symptoms. Loss of appetite and nausea (choice A) are not typically associated with hypocalcemia. High fluid intake and copious urine output (choice C) are more indicative of conditions like diabetes insipidus or uncontrolled diabetes. Lethargy and change in level of consciousness (choice D) are more commonly seen in severe cases of hypocalcemia, which may manifest as seizures or even coma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of potassium, which can result in hypokalemia. Hypernatremia (A) is not a common electrolyte imbalance associated with loop diuretics. Hypercalcemia (C) is not typically caused by loop diuretics and is more commonly associated with other conditions. Hypophosphatemia (D) is not a primary concern with loop diuretics compared to the risk of hypokalemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To lose 1 lb (3,500 calories) over 7 days, reduce intake by 500 calories/day (3,500 ÷ 7 = 500).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin C is water-soluble and not stored long-term, so daily intake is recommended.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Breastfeeding or iron-fortified formula is recommended for infants to meet nutritional needs.