ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
An 8-year-old child presents with acute onset of meningitis and encephalitis in late summer after swimming in a stagnant pond. Which etiology should be suspected?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Naegleria fowleri causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis from warm freshwater exposure.
Question 2 of 5
Hind's mother brought her 2-year-old daughter to you in the primary health center, Hind's aunt developed rubella 2 weeks ago and they visited her yesterday. Hind's mother worried about herself and her daughter. Of the following, the BEST advice to Hind's mother is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rubella vaccine within 72 hours (C) post-exposure can prevent infection in an unvaccinated child, per CDC guidelines, more proactive than reassurance (B) or immunoglobulin (D, less common for rubella).
Question 3 of 5
In meningitis, the characteristic sign of increased intracranial pressure with brain herniation is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bradycardia with hypertension (E, Cushing’s triad) signals herniation in meningitis, more specific than vomiting (A), headache (B), papilledema (C), or fontanelle bulging (D, infants only).
Question 4 of 5
All the following matching regarding prevention of encephalitis are true EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HSV neonatal encephalitis prevention uses cesarean delivery, not IV acyclovir (E) prophylactically, unlike true matches (A, B, C, D), per guidelines.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding paranasal sinuses, all the following are true EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ethmoid (A), sphenoid (B), and frontal (C, E) development aligns with norms. Maxillary sinuses are pneumatized at birth, not 2 years (D), per anatomy.