ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
An 18-year-old woman comes to the physician because of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain 1 hour after ingesting a glass of wine with dinner. Three days ago, she began antibiotic treatment for vaginitis after a wet mount preparation of vaginal discharge showed a motile protozoan. This patient most likely has been taking which of the following drugs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The motile protozoan indicates Trichomonas vaginalis, treated with metronidazole (D). Metronidazole causes a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, leading to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain due to acetaldehyde accumulation from inhibited aldehyde dehydrogenase. Ceftriaxone treats bacterial infections, chloroquine malaria, and clindamycin anaerobic bacteria—none target protozoa or cause this reaction with alcohol.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is administering oxycodone to a patient. Which common side effect should the nurse teach the patient about?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxycodone, an opioid, commonly causes drowsiness due to CNS depression, a key side effect to educate patients about for safety (e.g., avoiding driving). Paresthesia (a), increased ICP (b), and occipital headache are not typical; constipation and respiratory depression are also common but not listed.
Question 3 of 5
A patient asks you how does the statin drugs work. How would you respond?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It inhibits hydroxymethyl lutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase to reduce the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver. Statin drugs work by blocking the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme, statins reduce the production of cholesterol in the body. This mechanism helps lower the levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol in the blood. Incorrect choices: A: It inhibits the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the small intestine - This is incorrect because statins do not affect the absorption of dietary cholesterol but rather target cholesterol synthesis in the liver. C: It binds to bile in the intestinal track forming an insoluble complex that is excreted in the feces - This is incorrect as it describes the mechanism of bile acid sequestrants, not statins. D: It stimulates the biliary system to increase the excretion of
Question 4 of 5
In which of the following patients will you prescribe appropriate therapy for lice infestation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Spinosad is FDA-approved for use in children aged 6 months and older. It is safe and effective for treating head lice infestation in this age group. Lindane (B) is neurotoxic and not recommended due to potential side effects. Malathion (C) is not approved for children under 6 years old. Ivermectin (D) is not recommended for children under 15kg. Therefore, Spinosad is the most appropriate choice for the 6-year-old patient with head lice.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who previously reported feeling better on the current drug regimen suddenly reports that the drug seems to have stopped working. This is known as:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachyphylaxis. Tachyphylaxis refers to a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated administration. In this case, the patient initially felt better on the drug regimen but now feels it has stopped working, indicating a sudden loss of effectiveness. Incorrect Choices: B: Side effect - Side effects are unintended, secondary effects of a drug that can occur at therapeutic doses, not related to a sudden loss of efficacy. C: Adverse effect - Adverse effects are harmful or undesired effects that may occur with a drug but do not necessarily mean the drug has stopped working. D: Tolerance - Tolerance is a gradual decrease in response to a drug with repeated use, not a sudden loss of effectiveness as described in the scenario.