ATI RN
Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment 9th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
An 18-year-old college freshman presents to the clinic for evaluation of gastroenteritis. You measure the patient's temperature and it is 104 degrees Fahrenheit. What type of pulse would you expect to feel during his initial examination?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Large amplitude, forceful. A high fever, like 104 degrees Fahrenheit, typically leads to an increased heart rate and stronger pulse. This is the body's way of compensating for the fever and increased metabolic demands. A pulse with large amplitude and forceful quality indicates a higher cardiac output to support the body's needs during the fever. Choices B and C are incorrect because a small amplitude, weak pulse is unlikely with a high fever, and a normal pulse may not be expected in this scenario. Choice D, bigeminal, refers to an abnormal heart rhythm pattern characterized by every other beat being premature and is unrelated to the patient's fever.
Question 2 of 5
A 28-year-old patient comes to the office for evaluation of a rash. At first there was only one large patch, but then more lesions erupted suddenly on the back and torso; the lesions itch. On physical examination, you note that the pattern of eruption is like a Christmas tree and that there are a variety of erythematous papules and macules on the cleavage lines of the back. Based on this description, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pityriasis rosea. The key features that point towards this diagnosis include the sudden eruption of lesions in a Christmas tree pattern on the back and torso, along with itching. Pityriasis rosea commonly presents with a single large patch followed by smaller lesions in a distinct pattern. Other choices can be ruled out based on the description provided. Tinea versicolor typically presents with hypo- or hyperpigmented patches, not the erythematous papules and macules described. Psoriasis usually presents with thick, silvery scales, not erythematous lesions in a Christmas tree pattern. Atopic eczema may present with erythematous papules, but the Christmas tree pattern and acute onset described are not typical.
Question 3 of 5
A young man comes to you with an extremely pruritic rash over his knees and elbows which has come and gone for several years. It seems to be worse in the winter and improves with some sun exposure. On examination, you notice scabbing and crusting with some silvery scale, and you are observant enough to notice small "pits" in his nails. What would account for these findings?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Psoriasis. The key clinical features described, such as pruritic rash with scabbing, crusting, silvery scale, and nail pitting, are classic signs of psoriasis. The presence of small "pits" in the nails, known as nail pitting, is a common finding in psoriasis. The worsening of symptoms in winter and improvement with sun exposure is also typical of psoriasis. Eczema (choice A) typically presents with red, inflamed, and weeping skin lesions. Pityriasis rosea (choice B) presents with a herald patch followed by smaller similar lesions. Tinea infection (choice D) presents with scaling, redness, and itching but does not typically cause nail pitting. In this case, the combination of symptoms and nail pitting point to psoriasis as the most likely diagnosis.
Question 4 of 5
A 12-year-old presents to the clinic with his father for evaluation of a painful lump in the left eye. It started this morning. He denies any trauma or injury. There is no visual disturbance. Upon physical examination, there is a red raised area at the margin of the eyelid that is tender to palpation; no tearing occurs with palpation of the lesion. Based on this description, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hordeolum. A hordeolum, also known as a stye, presents as a red raised tender area at the margin of the eyelid. In this case, the absence of tearing upon palpation of the lesion suggests it is localized to the eyelid itself. Dacryocystitis (choice A) involves the lacrimal sac and would present with tearing. A chalazion (choice B) is a painless nodule on the eyelid, unlike the tender lesion described here. Xanthelasma (choice D) is characterized by yellowish plaques on the eyelids, not a red raised tender area.
Question 5 of 5
A light is pointed at a patient's pupil, which contracts. It is also noted that the other pupil contracts as well, though it is not exposed to bright light. Which of the following terms describes this latter phenomenon?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct term for the phenomenon described is "Consensual reaction" (Choice B). This occurs because the optic nerves from both eyes are connected, causing stimulation of one eye to result in a simultaneous response in the other eye due to the consensual pupillary reflex. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Direct reaction refers to the pupil directly exposed to light contracting. C: Near reaction refers to the pupillary response when focusing on a near object. D: Accommodation refers to the ability of the eye to adjust focus for near and far objects, not pupil constriction.