An 11-year-old diagnosed with ODD becomes angry over the rules at a residential treatment program and begins shouting at the nurse. What is the nurse's initial action to defuse the situation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct initial action is B: Take the child swimming at the facility's pool. This option is best as it provides a physical outlet for the child's anger and helps to de-escalate the situation in a calming and non-confrontational manner. Swimming can be a therapeutic activity that helps release tension and promote relaxation. Asking the child to express feelings (A) may not be effective in the heat of the moment. Establishing a behavioral contract (C) may be premature and not address the immediate need for de-escalation. Administering medication (D) should not be the first response and is not appropriate for managing situational anger outbursts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because measurement involves quantifying and analyzing data in numerical terms to understand a phenomenon objectively. In contrast, diagnosis is the process of identifying and labeling a patient's condition based on symptoms and test results to determine the appropriate treatment plan and prognosis. Choice B is incorrect because diagnosis does not involve numerical analysis but rather focuses on identifying and classifying illnesses. Choice C is incorrect as diagnosis and measurement are distinct processes with different objectives and methods. Choice D is incorrect as SOAP notes are used in documenting patient progress and treatment, not specifically for measurement. Physical therapy guides may assist in diagnosis but are not exclusive to it.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ruling out cervical radiculopathy. The test's high sensitivity (95% positive in true cases) means it is good at identifying patients who truly have the disease, making it reliable for ruling out cervical radiculopathy when the test is negative. However, the fact that it is also positive in many healthy individuals indicates a lack of specificity, making it unreliable for definitively ruling in the disease. Therefore, the test is most useful for excluding cervical radiculopathy when negative, rather than confirming it when positive. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the test's high false positive rate limits its ability to definitively diagnose the condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Korotkoff's sounds become audible upon beginning to lower the pressure of the inflated cuff. Initially, the cuff pressure is higher than the systolic pressure, leading to the complete cessation of blood flow and no sounds. As the cuff pressure decreases, blood flow partially resumes, creating turbulent sounds during systole (phase 1) until the sounds disappear at the diastolic pressure (phase 5). Choices A and B are incorrect as sounds are not audible at full inflation or upon placement of the stethoscope. Choice D is incorrect as Korotkoff's sounds are heard throughout systole, not just during diastole.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decrease his anxiety and increase trust. The primary goal when working with an actively psychotic and suspicious client is to establish a sense of safety and trust. By decreasing the client's anxiety, you can help them feel more comfortable and open to engaging in therapy. Building trust is crucial for establishing a therapeutic relationship and promoting positive outcomes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because promoting interaction with others, improving the relationship with parents, and encouraging participation in therapy activities are secondary goals that should come after addressing the client's anxiety and trust issues.