ATI RN
Epidemiology Exam Questions and Answers DOC Questions
Question 1 of 5
An 11-year-old boy is at the community health clinic for his well-child visit. The child’s mother states she has heard that there is a HPV vaccine available for boys and wonders when her child should receive this vaccine. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Currently, the CDC recommends that both boys and girls between 11 and 12 years of age be immunized against HPV. Education is critical, because research shows that young women are three times more likely to undergo immunization if it is strongly recommended by their health care providers. Furthermore, even partial immunization, both at the individual level and within a community, has been very effective in reducing overall prevalence of HPV through the effects of herd immunity. Nurses can be central to reduction of a number of cancers by encouraging widespread use of the HPV vaccine for both males and females as recommended by the CDC.
Question 2 of 5
On the basis of findings related to elevated blood levels of cholesterol, a researcher wanted to determine whether a new drug would notably lower the blood levels of cholesterol in otherwise healthy persons. Which study would the researcher most likely use?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Experimental design is used to test treatment and prevention strategies. Subjects are randomly assigned to the experimental group to obtain the new drug while the control group receives a placebo or alternative. The changes in blood cholesterol level would then be measured. A cross-sectional study examines relationships between potential causal factors and disease at a specific time. A prospective study monitors a group of disease-free individuals to determine if and when disease occurs. A retrospective study compares individuals with a particular condition or disease with those who do not have the disease.
Question 3 of 5
In a cohort study, the risk ratio of developing diabetes was 0.86 when comparing consumers of tea (the exposed) to those who did not drink tea (the unexposed). Which one statement is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Risk ratio (RR) = 0.86 means the risk of diabetes in tea drinkers is 86% of that in non-drinkers, indicating a lower risk (A). B is false (RR > 1 would indicate higher risk). C is incorrect; RR alone suggests direction, though significance requires p-value or CI (not given). D is false; RR = 0.86 shows a difference, albeit modest, not 'no difference' (RR = 1).
Question 4 of 5
An outbreak of disease that occurs worldwide and affects a large number of people is called a:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pandemic (C) is a global outbreak (e.g., 1918 flu). Endemic (A) is constant presence, epidemic (B) is regional excess, and cluster (D) is a localized group.
Question 5 of 5
Which term refers to the proportion of people who develop a disease among those who were exposed to the risk factor?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Relative risk (C) is the ratio of disease incidence in exposed vs. unexposed, reflecting risk among exposed. A is total cases, B is new cases, D is excess risk.