Amoxicillin is prescribed for a patient who has a respiratory infection. The nurse is teaching the patient about this medication and realizes that more teaching is needed when the patient makes which statement?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that is generally well-absorbed with or without food, but taking it with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. The statement 'This medication should not be taken with food' indicates a misunderstanding, as food does not significantly impair its absorption. The other statements are correct: completing the prescription prevents antibiotic resistance, reporting genital itching is important for identifying potential yeast infections, and excess bleeding could indicate a rare but serious side effect like thrombocytopenia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When teaching a patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin, it is essential to include the instruction that if the chest pain is not relieved after one tablet, they should call 911 immediately. This is because persistent chest pain could indicate a serious cardiac event, such as a heart attack, that requires immediate medical attention. It is not advisable to take multiple doses without consulting a healthcare provider, as this can lead to complications. The patient should seek emergency medical help if their symptoms are not relieved after taking one tablet of sublingual nitroglycerin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Drugs that act simultaneously on a mixed group of receptors with an agonist action on one set and with an antagonist action on the other are termed as mixed agonist-antagonists. These drugs can have a dual effect on different types of receptors within the same system. They can elicit both agonist-like responses at one receptor and antagonist-like responses at another receptor, leading to a mixed overall effect on the system. This unique property makes them different from pure agonists, pure antagonists, or partial agonists which typically have a unidirectional effect on receptors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most concerning adverse effect for an older adult patient taking a vasodilator for hypertension is hypotension, which refers to abnormally low blood pressure levels. Older adults are more susceptible to experiencing drops in blood pressure due to age-related changes in their cardiovascular system. Vasodilators work by dilating blood vessels, which can further lower blood pressure. Excessive hypotension can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, weakness, and falls, which can be particularly dangerous for older adults who are at a higher risk of injury. Close monitoring of blood pressure and gradual dosage titration are essential in older adult patients to minimize the risk of hypotension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Epinephrine is a potent agonist of adrenergic receptors, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. It rapidly affects alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and bronchodilation. Muscarinic and cholinergic receptors are part of the parasympathetic nervous system and are not directly activated by epinephrine. Nicotinic receptors are found in the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia but are not the primary target of epinephrine. The rapid action of epinephrine makes it a critical drug in emergencies such as anaphylaxis.