ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Amoxicillin is prescribed for a patient who has a respiratory infection. The nurse is teaching the patient about this medication and realizes that more teaching is needed when the patient makes which statement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that is generally well-absorbed with or without food, but taking it with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. The statement 'This medication should not be taken with food' indicates a misunderstanding, as food does not significantly impair its absorption. The other statements are correct: completing the prescription prevents antibiotic resistance, reporting genital itching is important for identifying potential yeast infections, and excess bleeding could indicate a rare but serious side effect like thrombocytopenia.
Question 2 of 5
A 75-year-old male patient was admitted to the unit with angina. He was started on nadolol (Corgard). The patient asks why he is taking this medication because he does not have high blood pressure. What is the nurse’s best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased heart rate, contractility, and excitability, as well as a membrane-stabilizing effect, lead to a decrease in arrhythmias, a decreased cardiac workload, and decreased oxygen consumption. The juxtaglomerular cells are not stimulated to release renin, which further decreases the blood pressure. These effects are useful in treating hypertension and chronic angina and can help to prevent reinfarction after a myocardial infarction by decreasing cardiac workload and oxygen consumption. Corgard will not prevent blood pressure problems, arrhythmias, or glaucoma in the future. Corgard is not used to treat BPH.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse noted a patient's heart rate decreasing from 45 to 38 while administering atropine 0.3 mg IV. What is the most likely explanation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atropine is a parasympatholytic drug that blocks the action of the vagus nerve on the heart, typically increasing heart rate. However, in rare cases, atropine can cause an initial paradoxical slowing of the heart rate before the expected increase. This occurs because atropine may initially stimulate the vagus nerve at low doses before blocking its effects. The dose of 0.3 mg IV is relatively low, which could explain this phenomenon. The other options are incorrect because atropine does not stimulate the vagus nerve (A), the dose is not necessarily too low (B), and adenosine is not indicated for bradycardia (C).
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been on TPN for 1 month, and there is an order to discontinue TPN tomorrow. The nurse contacts the health care provider because sudden interruption of TPN therapy may cause which condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Hypoglycemia. When a patient has been on Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) for an extended period and it is suddenly discontinued, there is a risk of hypoglycemia due to the abrupt cessation of the continuous glucose infusion provided by the TPN. TPN provides essential nutrients, including glucose, directly into the bloodstream, maintaining the patient's blood glucose levels. Therefore, stopping TPN abruptly can lead to a rapid drop in blood glucose levels, resulting in hypoglycemia. Option A) Dehydration is incorrect because TPN provides both fluids and nutrients, so discontinuing it would not directly lead to dehydration. Option B) Tremors is incorrect because sudden discontinuation of TPN is not typically associated with tremors. Option C) Urinary retention is incorrect as it is not a direct consequence of stopping TPN therapy abruptly and is more related to issues with the urinary system rather than TPN therapy. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the potential complications of discontinuing TPN abruptly to ensure patient safety. Monitoring and managing blood glucose levels carefully during and after TPN therapy are essential to prevent hypoglycemia in these patients. This question highlights the importance of gradual tapering or transition to alternative nutrition support to prevent adverse effects when discontinuing TPN.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is admitted to the hospital with an acute gout attack. The nurse expects that which medication will be ordered to treat acute gout?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Colchicine is the medication of choice for treating acute gout attacks due to its anti-inflammatory properties. It works by inhibiting microtubule polymerization, which reduces the migration of neutrophils to the inflamed joint, thereby alleviating pain and swelling. Allopurinol and probenecid are used for long-term management of gout to prevent future attacks by lowering uric acid levels, but they are not effective during an acute attack. Sulfinpyrazone is another uricosuric agent used for chronic management. Therefore, colchicine is the most appropriate medication for acute gout treatment, and nurses should be familiar with its use and monitoring.