Among toddlers and children up to age five, femur fractures usually result from a low energy fall. In most cases, the orthopedic surgeon realigns the fractureusing fluoroscopy or x-ray imaging as a guide and immobilizes the leg in a type of cast called a spica cast. Approximately how many weeks does it take for a fractured femur to heal in a 3-year-old?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In general, it takes approximately 6 to 8 weeks for a fractured femur in a 3-year-old child to heal. Children tend to heal faster than adults due to their higher metabolism and more robust bone growth. The spica cast helps stabilize the fracture and provides the necessary support for proper healing. Regular monitoring through x-ray imaging ensures the healing progress and guides the decision for cast removal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. One of the key characteristics of CF is the production of abnormally thick and sticky mucus in the respiratory system. This thick mucus can obstruct the airways, leading to recurrent lung infections, difficulty breathing, and other respiratory complications. Therefore, Nurse Archie must keep in mind the need to address and manage the thick pulmonary secretions when developing a care plan for Betty, the 9-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The major objective of therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) is to promote the removal of secretions from the lungs. Chest physiotherapy, which involves postural drainage, vibration, and percussion, has been the mainstay of treatment for CF patients. This technique helps loosen and clear mucus from the airways, reducing the risk of lung infections and improving respiratory function. Aerobic exercise is also effective in clearing the airways and is an essential part of the treatment plan for CF patients. While prophylactic antibiotics may be used for early signs of infection, they are not the most effective treatment for CF. Nebulized bronchodilators do not provide long-term benefits for CF patients. Heart-lung transplant may be considered for some CF patients, but it is not a suitable option for most individuals due to various limitations and availability issues. Therefore, the most effective treatment for cystic fibrosis is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that affects the flow of blood through the heart. In this condition, there is decreased pulmonary blood flow leading to reduced oxygenation of the blood. To compensate for the low oxygen levels in the blood, the body may increase the production of red blood cells, resulting in polycythemia (an increased red blood cell count). This is the body's way of trying to ensure that enough oxygen is carried to the tissues despite the heart defect. Therefore, in a 5-month-old infant with tetralogy of Fallot, the nurse would expect the blood workup to show polycythemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Ortolani maneuver is a physical examination test specifically used to assess for hip instability in infants with suspected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). This maneuver helps the healthcare provider determine if the femoral head can be gently relocated into the acetabulum, which can indicate the presence of hip dysplasia in newborns. Hip instability may be a sign of DDH, which is a condition where the hip joint has not developed properly. It is crucial to detect DDH early to prevent long-term complications such as hip dysplasia or dislocations.