ATI RN
Community and Public Health Nursing Evidence for Practice Questions
Question 1 of 5
Among the following diseases, which is airborne?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Measles. Measles is an airborne disease caused by a virus that spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This mode of transmission makes it highly contagious. Viral conjunctivitis (A) is spread through direct contact with eye secretions, not airborne. Acute poliomyelitis (B) is transmitted through contaminated food and water, not airborne. Diphtheria (C) is spread through respiratory droplets, but it is primarily transmitted through close physical contact, not solely by airborne transmission like measles.
Question 2 of 5
A 4-year old client was brought to the health center with chief complaint of severe diarrhea and the passage of "rice waterâ€. The client is most probably suffering from which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cholera. The key indicators are severe diarrhea and passage of "rice water" stool, which is characteristic of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera results in profuse watery diarrhea leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Giardiasis (A) presents with foul-smelling diarrhea, amebiasis (C) causes bloody diarrhea, and dysentery (D) is associated with mucus and blood in stool, none of which match the presentation in this case.
Question 3 of 5
A 32 year old client came for consultation at the health center with the chief complaint of
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Correct Answer: C: Hepatitis A Rationale: 1. The client waded in flood waters, which can expose him to contaminated water sources. 2. Hepatitis A is commonly transmitted through contaminated water or food. 3. Symptoms typically appear 2-6 weeks after exposure, aligning with the client's history. 4. Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through blood or sexual contact, not water exposure. Summary: - Choice A is incomplete and nonsensical. - Choice B is incorrect as hepatitis A is more likely due to water exposure. - Choice D is incorrect as hepatitis B is not typically associated with water exposure.
Question 4 of 5
The most frequent causes of death among clients with AIDS are opportunistic diseases. Which of the following opportunistic infections is characterized by tonsilllopharyngitis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infectious mononucleosis. This infection is characterized by tonsilllopharyngitis, which is inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. It is a common symptom of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Respiratory candidiasis (choice A) typically presents as oral thrush, not tonsillitis. Cytomegalovirus disease (choice C) commonly affects the eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs but does not specifically cause tonsilllopharyngitis. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (choice D) is a severe lung infection often seen in AIDS patients, but it does not manifest as tonsilllopharyngitis.
Question 5 of 5
Antiretroviral agents, such as AZT are used in the management of AIDS. Which of the following is not an action expected of these drugs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Antiretroviral agents like AZT do not cure AIDS; they only manage symptoms and slow disease progression. A: Correct, as they can prolong the client's life. B: Correct, as they help prevent opportunistic infections. C: Correct, as they can reduce the period of communicability. D: Incorrect, as antiretrovirals do not cure AIDS but rather control the virus.