Amiodarone:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic that affects sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+) channels, prolonging repolarization, so the statement excluding Ca2+ effects is false. It has antianginal effects by reducing myocardial oxygen demand through heart rate and afterload reduction, a true statement and its correct attribute. Its half-life is exceptionally long (weeks to months), not short, due to extensive tissue distribution, making that false. It decreases, not increases, peripheral resistance via vasodilation, so that's incorrect. It also affects the lungs, causing potential pulmonary toxicity, not minimal impact. The antianginal property is key to its use in angina alongside arrhythmias, reflecting its broad ion channel blockade and hemodynamic benefits, necessitating careful monitoring for side effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most important patient teaching for patients taking Digoxin is to regularly monitor and take their pulse. Digoxin is a medication used to treat certain heart conditions by helping the heart beat stronger and more regularly. Monitoring the pulse is important because Digoxin can affect the heart rate, and if the pulse is too slow or irregular, it may indicate an adverse reaction to the medication. Patients should be taught how to check their pulse and to contact their healthcare provider if they notice any significant changes in their heart rate while taking Digoxin. Taking the pulse is crucial in ensuring the medication is being tolerated well and is working effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Quetiapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, has strong histamine H1 antagonism, conferring potent sedation, especially at low doses. This property leads to off-label use as a hypnotic in insomnia, though controversial due to metabolic risks. Fluphenazine and haloperidol, high-potency first-generation drugs, lack sedation, focusing on D2 blockade. Thiothixene, mid-potency, has minimal sedative effects. Iloperidone is less sedating. Quetiapine's antihistaminic action, backed by clinical practice, makes it the most sedative antipsychotic, often leveraged for sleep despite primary indications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are associated with a high risk of toxicity in overdose, with cardiac arrhythmias being the most serious and life-threatening complication. TCAs can block sodium channels in the heart, leading to prolonged QRS intervals, ventricular tachycardia, and even cardiac arrest. Hyperpyrexia, seizures, and metabolic acidosis can also occur, but cardiac arrhythmias are the primary concern due to their potential to cause sudden death. Immediate medical intervention is required to manage TCA overdose, including cardiac monitoring and administration of sodium bicarbonate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Mannitol is contraindicated in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma. It can exacerbate the condition by causing an increase in intraocular pressure, leading to potential vision damage or loss. Therefore, caution should be exercised and alternative treatments considered for patients with narrow-angle glaucoma when considering the use of mannitol.