ATI RN
Urinary System Mcq Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Although both BUN and serum creatinine levels are elevated in renal failure, a BUN of 85 mg/dL and a serum creatinine of 3.8 mg/dL would most likely occur in a patient with acute renal failure caused by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A BUN:creatinine ratio >20:1 (here ~22:1) suggests increased tissue breakdown (e.g., trauma), elevating BUN disproportionately, unlike obstruction (postrenal, lower ratio), heart failure (prerenal, moderate), or glomerulonephritis (intrarenal, balanced). This distinguishes catabolic states, key for etiology identification, contrasting with perfusion or obstruction issues.
Question 2 of 5
Factor affecting GFR are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is influenced by renal blood flow (perfusion), glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (driving filtration), and ureteric obstruction (back pressure reducing filtration) all listed factors. This comprehensive impact distinguishes GFR regulation, critical for kidney function assessment, contrasting with single-factor misconceptions.
Question 3 of 5
The lumbar plexus lies within the substance of the psoas major muscle and its branches have to emerge from the psoas major to reach their final destination. The following branch of lumbar plexus emerges from the medial border of the muscle:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obturator nerve exits the psoas major medially to innervate adductors, unlike iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal (lateral), genitofemoral (anterior), or femoral (lateral). This distinguishes lumbar plexus anatomy, key for surgical approaches, contrasting with other trajectories.
Question 4 of 5
Minimal change disease and membranous glomerulonephritis share which of the following characteristics?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Both minimal change disease (MCD) and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) cause nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria, edema) MGN has IgG deposits, MCD responds to steroids, neither thickens loops typically. This distinguishes shared nephrotic features, key for diagnosis, contrasting with specific traits.
Question 5 of 5
The mesonephros cranial to its junction with the ureteric bud gives the following:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mesonephros cranial to ureteric bud forms male genital ducts (epididymis, vas) not female, paramesonephric (Mullerian), or utricle (sinus derivative). This distinguishes embryonic urogenital development, key for sex differentiation, contrasting with female structures.