Although acute pain is severe, why does a client with acute pain cope better with the discomfort in the later stages?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Because there is a reinforcing belief that the pain will resolve in time. In the later stages of acute pain, clients often cope better because they believe that the pain is temporary and will eventually resolve. This belief can help them endure the discomfort with more resilience and hope. This positive mindset can play a significant role in how they perceive and manage the pain. Option A is incorrect because acute pain is not negligible in the later stages; it can still be quite intense, but the individual's coping mechanisms may have improved. Option B is incorrect because while an increased dosage of analgesics may be used in some cases, it is not the primary reason why clients cope better in the later stages of acute pain. Option C is incorrect because although a client's perception of pain may change over time, it is usually the belief in the temporary nature of the pain that significantly impacts coping mechanisms in the later stages. Educationally, understanding the psychological aspects of pain management is crucial for healthcare professionals. Teaching patients about the natural course of acute pain and instilling hope for recovery can positively influence their ability to cope and manage discomfort. Empowering patients with knowledge and strategies to support their mental well-being during pain can enhance their overall healing process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When assessing a client with a potential or actual infection, a nurse should pay particular attention to the client's recent travel to a foreign country. This is because travel history can provide crucial information about exposure to infectious diseases that may not be prevalent in the client's home country. Certain regions have endemic diseases or outbreaks that the client may have been exposed to, which can guide the healthcare provider in diagnosing and treating the infection effectively. Option A, the client's age and sex, while important in assessing overall health and susceptibility to certain infections, is not as specific or directly relevant in the context of potential exposure to infectious diseases through travel. Option B, the client's lifestyle and drinking habits, may provide insights into the client's overall health status but may not directly relate to the assessment of a potential or actual infection acquired through travel. Option D, the client's diet and preference for meat, is not a primary consideration when assessing a client for a potential or actual infection. While dietary habits can impact overall health, they are not as directly relevant in this scenario compared to recent travel history. In pharmacology and nursing practice, understanding the importance of taking a thorough history, including travel history, is crucial in identifying potential sources of infection and providing appropriate care. By recognizing the significance of recent travel in assessing for infectious diseases, nurses can contribute to accurate diagnosis and timely intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology and medication administration, understanding the flow rates and drop factors of IV tubing is crucial for accurate dosing and patient safety. In the case of microdrip tubing, the standard drop factor is 60 gtts/mL. This means that for every milliliter of fluid that passes through the tubing, 60 drops will be delivered. Therefore, the correct answer is D) 60 gtts per mL. Option A) 20 gtts per mL is incorrect because this drop factor is typically associated with macrodrip tubing, not microdrip tubing. Macro tubing delivers larger drops and is used for rapid fluid delivery. Option B) 10 gtts per mL is incorrect as well. This drop factor is not commonly used in clinical practice and does not align with the standard drop factors for microdrip tubing. Option C) 15 gtts per mL is also incorrect. While this is a possible drop factor for some specialized tubing sets, it is not the standard drop factor for microdrip tubing. Understanding the correct drop factor for different types of IV tubing is essential for nurses and other healthcare professionals to accurately calculate medication dosages and fluid administration rates. It ensures that patients receive the correct amount of medication or fluids as prescribed by healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology and nursing practice, the correct answer to the question is option B: To administer antineoplastic chemotherapy. This is because antineoplastic chemotherapy agents are highly vesicant and can cause tissue damage if they extravasate from the vein. Midline and midclavicular sites have a higher risk of extravasation due to the smaller veins and decreased blood flow compared to larger, more central veins like the subclavian or jugular veins. Option A, administering solutions with a pH between 5 and 9, is not a reason to avoid midline and midclavicular sites. Veins in these locations can generally tolerate solutions within this pH range without significant irritation or damage. Option C, administering slow, low-volume infusions, is typically suitable for midline and midclavicular sites as these veins are suitable for such infusions due to their accessibility and ease of monitoring. Option D, administering solutions with an osmolality less than 500 mOsm/L, does not contraindicate the use of midline and midclavicular sites. These sites can generally accommodate solutions with osmolalities within this range without significant issues. Educationally, understanding the appropriate site selection for IV therapy is crucial for nurses to ensure patient safety and optimal treatment outcomes. Utilizing central veins for vesicant medications like antineoplastic chemotherapy helps prevent serious complications such as tissue damage and necrosis. Nurses must continually assess and apply best practices in IV therapy to deliver safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding wound care post-surgery is crucial for nurses. The correct answer is D) To avoid wound infection. Changing wound dressings exposes the surgical site to potential pathogens, increasing the risk of infection. Nurses must maintain strict aseptic technique to prevent contamination, as surgical wounds are particularly vulnerable during the initial healing phase. Infection can lead to delayed healing, increased pain, extended hospital stays, and in severe cases, systemic complications. Option A) To avoid damaging new tissue is important but less critical than preventing infection. Proper handling techniques and gentle care can minimize tissue damage. Option B) To avoid causing pain to the client is a valid concern, but ensuring wound healing and preventing infection take precedence. Pain management should be addressed separately. Option C) To fasten wound healing is desirable but changing dressings too frequently can disrupt the healing process. The focus should be on creating an optimal environment for natural healing to occur. Educationally, nurses must grasp the significance of wound care in preventing complications post-surgery. Emphasizing infection prevention strategies, such as hand hygiene, sterile technique, and appropriate dressing changes, is essential for safe and effective nursing practice in surgical settings.