Alternate communication methods for a resident with an artificial airway include

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Using communication boards. This method is appropriate as it allows the resident to visually communicate by pointing to or indicating words or symbols on the board. It ensures clear and accurate communication, especially for individuals with artificial airways who may have difficulty speaking. A: Playing charades may not be effective for residents with artificial airways as it relies on physical gestures and may not always be clear or understood. B: Shouting at the resident is not appropriate and can be distressing for them. It does not consider the resident's comfort or dignity. C: Asking the resident's family what they think he wants may not always be reliable and may not accurately reflect the resident's own preferences and needs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. DNR stands for "Do Not Resuscitate." 2. Issuing a DNR order means that the resident should not be resuscitated in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest. 3. It is a medical decision made by the physician based on the resident's medical condition and preferences. 4. This decision is documented in the resident's medical records. 5. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the purpose and meaning of a DNR order, which is to specify that resuscitation should not be performed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because prioritizing means identifying the most important tasks and completing them first to achieve goals efficiently. Option B focuses on speed, not importance. Option C is about seeking help, not task importance. Option D suggests task optimization, not prioritization based on importance. Therefore, A is correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Learning to lift his head. This milestone typically occurs around 1-2 months of age and is crucial for developing neck strength and control. Lifting the head is an important precursor to other motor skills like rolling over and crawling. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they represent milestones that occur at later stages of development and are not typically achieved in infancy. Learning to control the bladder happens around 2-3 years, becoming active in social relationships develops over time, and learning to walk and jump usually occurs around 9-18 months of age.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sanitation is the correct answer as it involves promoting clean and hygienic conditions to prevent the spread of diseases. It includes practices like proper waste disposal, clean water supply, and personal hygiene. Sterilization (A) refers to killing all microorganisms, which is not always necessary for disease prevention. Asepsis (C) focuses on preventing infections in healthcare settings, not community-wide disease prevention. Immunity (D) refers to the body's ability to resist infections, which is different from community-wide disease prevention through sanitation.