ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Allergic rhinitis is characterized by all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Allergic rhinitis features polyps (A), shiners (B), no fever (C), and nasal crease (D). Swollen, erythematous turbinates (E) suggest infection, not allergy.
Question 2 of 5
The MOST common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parainfluenza viruses (B) are the leading cause of croup, per virology data.
Question 3 of 5
A 4-year-old child admitted to hospital with history of high fever, cough, and tachypnea; chest radiograph reveals lobar pneumonia treated with I.V. ceftriaxone with partial response; 7 days later, the fever recurs with toxicity, new chest radiograph reveals cavitary lesion with an air-fluid level. Of the following, the BEST management is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Necrotizing pneumonia with cavitation suggests S. aureus or anaerobes; adding clindamycin (D) targets these, per IDSA guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
One of the mechanisms of infectious diarrhea is increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels which mainly occurred by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vibrio cholerae (D) increases cAMP, causing secretory diarrhea, per pathophysiology.
Question 5 of 5
In patients with diarrhea, bacterial stool culture is recommended in all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stool culture is indicated for fever (A), traveler’s (C), C. diff (D), and HUS (E). Profuse diarrhea (B) alone doesn’t necessitate it, per guidelines.