Allen and Summers in their JAMA article 'Medicaid Expansion and Health,' claims that since the expansion of Medicaid:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct: 1. Allen and Summers claimed Medicaid expansion led to improved access to healthcare. 2. Improved access to healthcare can lead to early detection and treatment of health conditions. 3. Early detection and treatment can reduce overall mortality rates at the population level. 4. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that population-level mortality has declined post-Medicaid expansion. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: - Option B (In-hospital mortality has declined) does not directly connect Medicaid expansion to population-level mortality. - Option C (Long-term control of diabetes has improved) is not explicitly mentioned in the claim made by Allen and Summers. - Option D (None of the above) is incorrect as the claim specifically refers to a decline in population-level mortality.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for Correct Answer C: Todd and Erin are in the Medicaid coverage gap means they make too much for traditional Medicaid but not enough for ACA subsidies. This is because they fall within the income range where they do not qualify for Medicaid under its old rules but also do not have sufficient income to qualify for ACA subsidies to purchase insurance. This situation leaves them without affordable health insurance options. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A: This choice is incorrect because having a child that qualifies for CHIP does not guarantee Todd and Erin full Medicaid coverage for all medical expenses. B: This choice is incorrect as there is no age restriction on Medicaid coverage. Todd and Erin's Medicaid eligibility is determined by their income level, not their child's age. D: This choice is incorrect as it suggests that Todd and Erin can afford basic medical necessities but not emergency services, which is not related to being in the Medicaid coverage gap.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 37%. Medicaid funding is a shared responsibility between the federal government and individual states. The federal government sets minimum requirements, and each state determines the specifics of its program. The federal government matches state spending, with the federal share ranging from 50% to 78%. Therefore, the non-federal portion of Medicaid funding is the state's share, which varies by state but averages around 37%. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the typical non-federal funding percentage for Medicaid.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonmetro populations stabilized after 2014. This is supported by recent data indicating that the population growth rate in rural areas has slowed down and started to stabilize post-2014. This is due to various factors such as improved economic conditions in rural areas, increased job opportunities, and changing demographic patterns. Choice A is incorrect as there has been some population loss, but it is not the overall trend. Choice B is incorrect as not all rural areas are experiencing population growth. Choice C is incorrect as urban migration does not fully explain the recent population trend in rural America.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, motor vehicle accidents, because rural areas typically have higher speed limits, longer distances to travel, and limited access to emergency medical services. This increases the risk of fatal accidents compared to urban areas. Chronic diseases (A), respiratory diseases (C), and cancer (D) are not specifically associated with rural living and do not have a significant difference in mortality rates between rural and urban residents.