All these drug groups useful in angina both decrease myocardial oxygen requirement (by decreasing the determinations of oxygen demand) and increase myocardial oxygen delivery (by reversing coronary arterial spasm), EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potassium channel openers (Minoxidil). Potassium channel openers do not decrease myocardial oxygen requirement or increase myocardial oxygen delivery in angina. Nitrates and nitrite drugs, calcium channel blockers, and beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs all have mechanisms that achieve both of these effects. Nitrates and nitrite drugs dilate coronary arteries, increasing oxygen delivery, and decrease preload, decreasing oxygen demand. Calcium channel blockers reduce myocardial contractility and dilate coronary arteries. Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs reduce heart rate and contractility, thus reducing oxygen demand. Potassium channel openers like minoxidil primarily act as vasodilators but do not have a direct effect on myocardial oxygen demand or delivery in angina.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vasopressin possesses antidiuretic properties. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine output and conserving water in the body. This helps maintain body fluid balance and prevent dehydration. Choice B is incorrect because vasopressin actually has vasoconstrictive properties, not vasodilatory properties. Choice C is incorrect because vasopressin does not stimulate the release of thyroid hormones. Choice D is also incorrect because vasopressin is known for its antidiuretic effect, not diuretic effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Synthetic estrogens are used to treat conditions related to hormonal imbalances. 2. Primary hypogonadism, postmenopausal hormonal therapy, and hormonal contraception are common indications for synthetic estrogens. 3. Simple obesity is not a condition related to hormonal imbalances. 4. Thus, using synthetic estrogens for the treatment of simple obesity is not a valid indication. Summary: A, B, and C are valid indications for synthetic estrogens as they involve hormonal imbalances. D is incorrect as simple obesity does not involve hormonal imbalances.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Ketoprofen is indeed a propionic acid derivative that inhibits both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase nonselectively. This is because ketoprofen belongs to the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes to reduce inflammation and pain. Additionally, ketoprofen has been shown to inhibit lipoxygenase, another enzyme involved in the inflammatory process. Therefore, this statement accurately describes the pharmacological actions of ketoprofen. Choices B and C are incorrect because the statement is true, and choice D is incorrect as it suggests all options are correct when only option A is accurate in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Interferon gamma is associated with the side effect of fatigue due to its immunomodulatory effects causing systemic symptoms. This side effect is commonly reported in patients receiving interferon therapy. Hypertension, pulmonary edema, and nephrotoxicity are not typically linked to interferon gamma therapy. Thus, the correct answer is D.