All the following mechanisms contribute to the pathophysiology of drowning EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Circulatory overload is not a contributing factor to drowning pathophysiology. Laryngospasm, surfactant washout, anoxic injury, and pulmonary aspiration are all critical mechanisms involved.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anaphylactoid purpura, also known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is the most common cause of non-thrombocytopenic purpura in children, causing small vessel vasculitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: At 12 months, children are able to pull to standing and walk holding on or independently. Large push-pull toys for kinesthetic stimulation would be appropriate and beneficial for this age group.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diarrhea is a leading cause of hypovolemic shock in children due to dehydration and electrolyte loss, especially in developing regions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stereotypic movements include repetitive actions like eye blinking, head banging, and self-biting. Hand shaking is not typically classified as a stereotypic movement in this context.