All the following drugs can produce diuretic effect EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Trimetaphan because it is not a diuretic drug. Diuretics are medications that increase the excretion of water from the body by promoting urine production. A) Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that works by drawing water into the kidneys and increasing urine output. B) Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts on the loop of Henle in the kidneys to inhibit sodium and water reabsorption, leading to increased urine production. D) Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote sodium and water excretion. Understanding the diuretic effects of different drugs is crucial in pharmacology, especially in the treatment of conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and edema. Knowing which drugs have diuretic effects and how they work can help healthcare providers make informed decisions when prescribing medications to manage cardiovascular conditions. It is important for students to grasp these concepts to ensure safe and effective medication administration in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lithium carbonate (Lithobid) and risperidone (Risperdal). This combination is appropriate for treating bipolar I disorder with psychotic features, as the client's belief in decoding the Bible could indicate a psychotic symptom like delusions. Lithium helps stabilize mood in bipolar disorder, while risperidone is an antipsychotic that can address psychotic symptoms. Choice B includes carbamazepine, which is not typically used for psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder. Choices C and D include medications that are not commonly used as first-line treatments for bipolar disorder with psychotic features, making them less appropriate in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Within therapeutic limits. A lithium level of 1.0 mEq/L falls within the therapeutic range of 0.6-1.2 mEq/L for maintenance therapy. This level indicates that the patient's lithium concentration is at an appropriate and effective level for managing their condition. - B: Below therapeutic limits is incorrect as the patient's lithium level is actually within the therapeutic range. - C: Above therapeutic limits is incorrect as the patient's lithium level is not elevated but rather within the therapeutic range. - D: Incorrect. Lithium levels are reported as mEq/dL is incorrect as the standard unit for reporting lithium levels is mEq/L, not mEq/dL.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic used to treat hypertension and fluid retention, not hypoglycemia. Step 1: Hydrochlorothiazide does not directly affect blood glucose levels. Step 2: Monitoring for hypoglycemia is more relevant for medications like insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Step 3: The other choices are relevant for patients on hydrochlorothiazide due to its potential side effects on potassium levels, uric acid levels, and blood pressure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine in the body. Step 2: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. Step 3: Inhibiting the function of acetylcholine affects the parasympathetic nervous system. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is A: parasympathetic nervous system. Summary: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because anticholinergic drugs specifically target the parasympathetic nervous system, not the sympathetic, central, or peripheral nervous systems.