All the following conditions are associated with false-positive sweat test results EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) hypothyroidism. In pediatric respiratory nursing, the sweat test is a diagnostic tool used to confirm cystic fibrosis (CF) by measuring the amount of chloride in sweat. Conditions like eczema, anorexia nervosa, and malnutrition can lead to false-positive results on the sweat test due to altered electrolyte levels in the sweat caused by these conditions. Eczema can affect the skin's ability to produce sweat normally, leading to inaccurate test results. Anorexia nervosa and malnutrition can both cause electrolyte imbalances in the body, which can also impact sweat test results. Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, does not directly impact sweat electrolyte levels and therefore would not lead to false-positive results on the sweat test for CF. Understanding these potential factors that can influence the sweat test results is crucial for nurses working with pediatric patients suspected of having respiratory conditions like CF. It is essential to consider a patient's overall health and potential comorbidities when interpreting diagnostic test results accurately.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, also known as Jeune syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a small, narrow chest cavity which can lead to breathing difficulties. In this context, it is crucial for pediatric respiratory nurses to understand the associated skeletal abnormalities to provide comprehensive care to affected children. The correct answer is D) Low clavicles. This is because asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy typically presents with a narrowed thorax, horizontal ribs, and short extremities due to abnormal bone development. Low clavicles are not a typical feature of this syndrome. Option A) narrowed thorax is a characteristic feature of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, contributing to respiratory complications. Option B) horizontal ribs are also common in this condition, further restricting lung expansion. Option C) short extremities are often seen in individuals with Jeune syndrome due to impaired bone growth. Understanding these skeletal abnormalities associated with asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy is essential for early identification, proper management, and improved outcomes for affected children. Pediatric respiratory nurses play a key role in recognizing these clinical manifestations and providing holistic care to support respiratory function and overall well-being in these patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric respiratory nursing, understanding the most appropriate imaging modalities for different conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective patient care. In the case of assessing empyema, ultrasonography is the imaging procedure of choice for several reasons. Empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural space, and ultrasonography is excellent for visualizing fluid collections and differentiating between simple effusions and complex collections like empyema. Ultrasonography is advantageous in this scenario because it is readily available, cost-effective, does not involve radiation exposure, and can be performed at the bedside, making it particularly useful in pediatric patients. Regarding the other options: - Mediastinal lesions: Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are more suitable for assessing mediastinal lesions due to the need for detailed anatomical information. - Pulmonary parenchymal lesions: Chest X-ray, CT, or MRI are preferred for evaluating pulmonary parenchymal lesions to assess the extent and characteristics of the lesions. - Congenital pulmonary malformations: CT or MRI are typically used to evaluate congenital pulmonary malformations to provide detailed anatomical information for surgical planning or monitoring. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of matching the right imaging modality to specific pediatric respiratory conditions to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal patient outcomes. Understanding the strengths and limitations of different imaging modalities in the context of pediatric respiratory nursing is essential for providing high-quality care to pediatric patients with respiratory conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Choanal atresia. Choanal atresia is a condition where the back of the nasal passage is blocked by abnormal bony or soft tissue, leading to respiratory distress in newborns. When a newborn with choanal atresia cries, the oral route for breathing opens up, relieving the distress temporarily. Option B) Micrognathia, which is a small jaw, can lead to airway obstruction but is less likely to improve with crying. Option C) Macroglossia, an enlarged tongue, can also cause airway obstruction but is not typically relieved by crying. Option D) Laryngeal web is a membrane that partially blocks the airway and does not typically improve with crying. In an educational context, understanding common causes of respiratory distress in newborns is crucial for pediatric nurses. Recognizing the clinical presentation of conditions like choanal atresia can lead to prompt diagnosis and intervention, improving outcomes for newborns experiencing respiratory distress. Familiarity with these conditions is essential for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Chlamydia trachomatis. In infants 1 to 3 months of age, afebrile pneumonia is commonly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. This bacterium is a common cause of respiratory infections in this age group due to exposure during delivery from an infected mother. Chlamydial pneumonia typically presents with a persistent cough, tachypnea, and staccato-like cough. Option B) Mycoplasma hominis is not a common cause of afebrile pneumonia in infants. Mycoplasma pneumonia usually occurs in older children and adolescents. Option C) Ureaplasma urealyticum is also an uncommon cause of pneumonia in infants. It is more commonly associated with genitourinary infections. Option D) Cytomegalovirus is known to cause pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals but is not a common cause of afebrile pneumonia in infants. Understanding the etiology of pneumonia in infants is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care. Recognizing the common pathogens helps in prompt diagnosis and treatment. Educating healthcare providers about the specific characteristics of different pathogens enables them to make informed clinical decisions and improve patient outcomes.