All the following are true regarding Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis (JAS) in comparison with Adult-Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis (AOAS) EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis (JAS) compared to Adult-Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis (AOAS), axial disease occurs less frequently early in the disease course. This is because JAS often presents with peripheral arthritis before progressing to axial involvement, unlike AOAS where axial disease typically manifests earlier. Option A is correct as JAS is indeed present in patients younger than 16 years old. Option C is incorrect because inflammatory back pain is actually less frequent at disease onset in JAS compared to AOAS. Option D is incorrect as enthesitis occurs more commonly in JAS, distinguishing it from AOAS. Understanding these differences is crucial for healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients with suspected JAS. Recognizing the unique clinical features of JAS can lead to early diagnosis and appropriate management, ultimately improving outcomes for these young patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a 16-year-old female with Behcet disease involving oral and genital ulcers and erythema nodosum, the BEST treatment option is colchicine (Option A). Colchicine is effective in managing the symptoms of Behcet disease, particularly oral and genital ulcers, due to its anti-inflammatory properties. It helps reduce inflammation and control ulcer formation, which are common manifestations of Behcet disease in adolescents. Azathioprine (Option B), cyclophosphamide (Option C), and steroids (Option D) are not the first-line treatments for Behcet disease in this scenario. Azathioprine and cyclophosphamide are immunosuppressants that are usually reserved for severe cases or when colchicine fails to provide adequate symptom relief. Steroids are not preferred due to their potential for significant side effects, especially in long-term use in adolescents. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind treatment choices is crucial for nursing students to provide safe and evidence-based care. Knowing the appropriate medications for specific conditions like Behcet disease ensures optimal patient outcomes. It is essential to consider the patient's age, disease presentation, and potential side effects of medications when selecting the most appropriate treatment option.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), the most common gastrointestinal manifestation in up to 80% of children is abdominal pain and ileus. This is because HSP primarily affects small blood vessels, leading to inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Abdominal pain and ileus are classic symptoms seen in HSP due to the deposition of immune complexes in the intestines. Regarding the incorrect options: - Diarrhea is less common in HSP compared to abdominal pain and ileus. While it can occur, it is not the most prevalent symptom. - Vomiting is also a possible symptom in HSP, but it is not as commonly reported as abdominal pain and ileus. - Paralytic ileus is a severe complication that can occur in some cases of HSP but is not the most common gastrointestinal manifestation seen in the majority of affected children. Educational Context: Understanding the common gastrointestinal manifestations of HSP is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide effective care. Recognizing abdominal pain and ileus as the primary symptoms can aid nurses in prompt assessment and intervention, leading to better outcomes for children with HSP. This knowledge helps in differentiating HSP from other conditions with similar symptoms, ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to recognize signs of physical abuse in children to ensure their safety and well-being. The correct answer is A) 5%. Bite marks are a relatively uncommon physical sign of abuse, accounting for only a small percentage of cases. This rarity makes it important for healthcare professionals to be vigilant and thorough in their assessments to detect such subtle indicators. Option B) 15%, Option C) 25%, and Option D) 35% are incorrect because they overestimate the prevalence of bite marks as a sign of physical abuse. Selecting these options could lead to misinterpretation of findings and potentially missing other more common indicators of abuse. Educationally, understanding the prevalence of physical signs like bite marks in abused children helps nurses and healthcare providers make informed decisions when assessing and caring for pediatric patients. By knowing the accurate statistics, professionals can prioritize their assessments and interventions effectively to protect vulnerable children from harm. Vigilance, knowledge, and a comprehensive understanding of all potential signs of abuse are essential in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the most common possible cause of the 15-month-old male child's symptoms of failure to thrive, diarrhea, and fatty stool is malabsorption, which is option A. Malabsorption refers to the impaired absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. In children with malabsorption, essential nutrients like fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are not properly absorbed, leading to symptoms like failure to thrive, diarrhea, and fatty stool. Intestinal parasites (option B) can also cause similar symptoms, but malabsorption is more common in this age group. Milk protein intolerance (option C) can lead to symptoms like diarrhea, but it typically presents differently, such as with blood or mucus in the stool. Pancreatic insufficiency (option D) is a less common cause of these symptoms compared to malabsorption in pediatric patients. Educationally, understanding the common causes of failure to thrive in children is crucial for pediatric nurses. By recognizing the signs and symptoms associated with malabsorption, nurses can work with healthcare providers to diagnose and manage the condition effectively. This knowledge helps in providing appropriate care and support to children and their families facing such health challenges.