All the following are true regarding diazepam in neonatal seizurEXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diazepam is lipophilic, aiding brain penetration, and has higher seizure recurrence due to short duration. It risks apnea and hypotension in neonatand is not first-line (E is false as stated). However, it is not cleared quickly ; neonathave immature liver metabolism, prolonging its half-life (up to 50-100 hours), unlike adults. This slow clearance increastoxicity risk, making B the exception and correct answer, as it contradicts diazepams pharmacokinetics in neonates.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants caushead circumference growth , bulging fontanel , vomiting , and setting sun sign due to CSF or mass effects. Failure to thrive is not a direct sign; it may occur secondary to chronic illness but isnt specific to ICP. This distinction direct pressure signs versus systemic effects makes C the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Premature infants blink to light by 30 weeks corrected gestational age , as the pupillary reflex matur(Volpe). Earlier (26-28 weeks, A-B) lacks this response; later (32-34 weeks) is typical for term infants. This neurologic milestone 30 weeks makes C the correct answer, reflecting ocular development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neurodevelopmental abnormalitipose the highest epilepsy risk (~30-50%) after febrile seizures, indicating underlying brain dysfunction. Recurrent seizur, short fever onset , family history , and complex seizurhave lower risks (~5-15%). Structural or functional brain issudrive C as the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Carbamazepine is the first-line drug for focal seizures, per ILAE, due to its sodium channel blockade targeting partial-onset epilepsy. Ethosuximide treats absence seizures, valproate generalized seizures, and lamotrigine is adjunctive. Carbamazepinefficacy and evidence base make A the correct answer.