All the following are true associations between psychiatric illness in childhood and their treatment EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the associations between psychiatric illnesses in childhood and their appropriate treatments is crucial for providing safe and effective care to young patients. In this case, the correct answer is D) Depression and atypical antipsychotic. Depression in children is typically not treated with atypical antipsychotics as first-line therapy. Antidepressants, psychotherapy, and lifestyle modifications are usually the primary modalities for managing childhood depression. Atypical antipsychotics are more commonly prescribed for conditions like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in pediatric patients. A) ADHD and atomoxetine: Atomoxetine is a common medication used to treat ADHD by increasing the levels of norepinephrine in the brain. B) Anxiety and antidepressant: Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are often used to manage anxiety disorders in children. C) Psychosis and typical antipsychotic: Typical antipsychotics are prescribed for conditions like psychosis to help manage symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to have a solid understanding of psychiatric illnesses in children and the appropriate pharmacological treatments. This knowledge allows nurses to advocate for appropriate care, monitor for side effects, and educate patients and their families about the treatment plan. By understanding these associations, nurses can contribute to improved outcomes and quality of life for pediatric patients with psychiatric conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Stereotyped absence of motor use. Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. While individuals with ASD may exhibit stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, the absence of motor use is not a characteristic feature of ASD. Option A, defective social communication, is a hallmark feature of ASD. Individuals with ASD often have difficulties in understanding and using verbal and nonverbal communication cues. Option B, fixated interests, is another common characteristic where individuals with ASD may display intense focus on specific topics or activities. Option C, highly restricted routines, refers to the preference for sameness and adherence to specific routines or rituals commonly seen in individuals with ASD. Educationally, understanding the distinguishing features of ASD is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, who may encounter children with this condition in their care. By recognizing the core characteristics of ASD, nurses can provide appropriate support, accommodations, and interventions to meet the unique needs of these individuals and promote their overall well-being and development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, option C is the correct answer. The rationale for this is that feeling very sad or withdrawn for more than 2 months is actually a sign of depression, not an early symptom of a mental disorder. Recognizing this distinction is crucial in identifying mental health concerns early and initiating appropriate interventions. Option A, involvement in many fights, is a concerning behavior that may indicate underlying mental health issues such as conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder. This behavior can be a red flag for clinicians to further assess the child's mental health. Option B, wanting to badly hurt others, not eating, throwing up, or using laxatives to lose weight, are signs of potential mental health issues such as conduct disorder, eating disorders, or self-harm behaviors. These behaviors require immediate attention and intervention from healthcare providers. Option D, sudden overwhelming fear for no reason, could be a symptom of an anxiety disorder such as panic disorder. Recognizing this symptom is important in identifying and addressing anxiety disorders in children. In an educational context, understanding the early signs and symptoms of mental disorders in children is essential for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. By being able to recognize these signs, clinicians can intervene early, provide appropriate support and treatment, and improve outcomes for children with mental health concerns. This knowledge is crucial for pediatric nurses to effectively assess, diagnose, and manage mental health issues in children and adolescents.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) older children usually suffer from obsessive disorders. This is the false statement in the context of school refusal. In pediatric nursing practice, it is crucial to understand the nuances of school refusal to provide appropriate care and support to children and their families. A) it is a complex disorder: This statement is true. School refusal is a complex issue that can stem from various factors such as anxiety, depression, social difficulties, or even academic struggles. B) selective mutism is overlapping: This statement is true. Selective mutism, where a child selectively does not speak in certain situations, can overlap with school refusal as both may involve anxiety in social or performance situations. C) younger children usually have separation anxiety disorder: This statement is true. Younger children often experience separation anxiety, which can manifest as school refusal when they are unable to cope with the separation from their primary caregivers. In an educational context, understanding school refusal is vital for pediatric nurses to effectively assess, intervene, and support children experiencing this issue. By recognizing the underlying causes and tailoring interventions to address the specific needs of each child, nurses can promote a successful return to school and overall well-being. It is essential for healthcare providers to collaborate with families, schools, and mental health professionals to develop a comprehensive plan to address school refusal and ensure the child's academic and emotional needs are met.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) admission to the hospital. In this scenario, the adolescent female is presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of an eating disorder, most likely anorexia nervosa. The critical findings such as bradycardia, hypotension, severe underweight, lanugo hair, electrolyte imbalances, and other physical signs indicate severe malnutrition and potential medical complications that require immediate intervention. Admitting the patient to the hospital allows for close monitoring of her condition, addressing immediate medical needs such as rehydration, electrolyte correction, and nutritional rehabilitation. It also provides an opportunity for a comprehensive assessment by a multidisciplinary team including pediatricians, dieticians, psychiatrists, and mental health professionals to develop a holistic treatment plan. Referral to a psychiatrist (option B) may be necessary in the long term for addressing the mental health aspects of the eating disorder, but the immediate priority is managing the medical complications and stabilizing the patient's condition. Referral to a dietician (option C) is important in the overall management of an eating disorder, but in this acute situation, the patient requires more intensive medical care and monitoring that can only be provided in a hospital setting. Making a scheduled outpatient visit (option D) would not be appropriate given the severity of the patient's condition and the need for urgent medical intervention. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the medical urgency in cases of severe malnutrition due to eating disorders and the necessity of prompt hospitalization for stabilization and treatment. It emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing eating disorders in adolescents to address both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition.