All the following are true about infant sleep between 2-6 months EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) the sleep cycle time is similar to that of adults. Explanation: Infants between 2-6 months have a different sleep cycle compared to adults. Their sleep cycles are shorter, about 50-60 minutes, as opposed to the 90-minute sleep cycles in adults. This means that infants transition between sleep stages more frequently, leading to more frequent awakenings during the night and shorter naps during the day. Understanding this difference is crucial for caregivers to provide appropriate care and respond to an infant's sleep needs effectively. Why others are wrong: A) Total sleep hours of 14-16 hr/24 hr is accurate for infants in this age range. B) Infants typically sleep about 9-10 hr at night during this period. C) Infants usually take around 2 naps per day during the 2-6 month age range. Educational context: Understanding the intricacies of infant sleep patterns is essential for pediatric nurses and caregivers to provide optimal care for infants. By knowing the typical sleep behaviors and patterns of infants at different stages of development, healthcare professionals can offer valuable guidance to parents on sleep routines, creating a safe sleep environment, and recognizing signs of sleep problems that may require further evaluation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of older school-age children participating in competitive sports, a careful evaluation of the cardiovascular system is crucial. This is the correct answer (Option D) because engaging in strenuous physical activities like competitive sports puts a significant demand on the cardiovascular system. An evaluation can help identify any underlying cardiac issues that may pose a risk during intense physical exertion, such as arrhythmias or structural abnormalities. Option A, vision, while important for overall performance in sports, is not specifically tied to the increased cardiovascular demands of competitive sports. Similarly, Option B, hearing, is not directly related to the physiological challenges that the cardiovascular system faces during intense physical activities. Option C, sexual maturity, is not directly relevant to the immediate concerns related to participating in competitive sports. While sexual maturity can impact physical development and growth, it does not have a direct impact on the cardiovascular system's ability to meet the demands of competitive sports. In an educational context, understanding the importance of evaluating the cardiovascular system in older school-age children before they engage in competitive sports is vital for ensuring their safety and well-being. Educators and healthcare providers should emphasize the significance of pre-participation physical examinations that include a thorough evaluation of the cardiovascular system to prevent any potential cardiac-related incidents during sports participation. By highlighting this aspect, educators can help promote a culture of safety and risk prevention in youth sports.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Building a tower by a 22-month-old child requires visual-motor coordination, which is why option A is correct. At this age, children are developing their fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination, enabling them to stack blocks to create a tower. Visual-motor coordination involves the ability to process visual information and use it to coordinate hand movements accurately. Option B, using visual and motor skills in combination, is not specific enough to capture the complexity of visual-motor coordination needed for tower building. Gross and fine motor coordination (Option C) involves larger movements of the body and more precise movements of the hands, which are important but not the primary focus when building a tower. Symbolic thought (Option D) refers to the ability to understand symbols and represent objects mentally, which is not directly related to the physical task of building a tower at this developmental stage. In an educational context, understanding the importance of visual-motor coordination in tasks like tower building can help educators and caregivers provide appropriate activities to support children's development in this area. By recognizing the specific skills needed for such tasks, educators can tailor their teaching strategies to promote and enhance children's visual-motor coordination skills effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) 83%. The sensitivity of a test refers to its ability to correctly identify true positive cases. In this case, out of the 100 truly infected persons, the test correctly identified 83 of them as positive, giving a sensitivity of 83%. Option A) 17% is incorrect because it represents the percentage of true positives that were missed by the test, which is the complement of sensitivity (100% - 83%). Option B) 55% and Option C) 60% are also incorrect as they do not reflect the actual sensitivity value obtained from the data provided. Understanding sensitivity is crucial in healthcare as it helps healthcare professionals evaluate how well a test can identify individuals with a particular condition. A high sensitivity value indicates that the test is reliable in detecting true positive cases, which is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions in pediatric nursing. Educationally, grasping the concept of sensitivity in diagnostic testing is vital for healthcare students and professionals to make informed decisions based on test results. It ensures that they can interpret and apply test outcomes accurately, leading to better patient care and outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) seek more history regarding other skills and developmental domains. In this scenario, the child's behavior of inconsolable crying and preferring to play alone may indicate underlying developmental issues or delays. By seeking more history regarding other skills and developmental domains, the healthcare provider can gather more information to assess the child's overall development comprehensively. Option A) reassuring the mother that this is a normal phenomenon may overlook potential developmental concerns and delay appropriate interventions. Option C) referring the mother to pediatric psychiatry may be premature without gathering more information first. Option D) investigating social issues of the family is not the most appropriate initial action when the focus should be on the child's developmental milestones. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of thorough assessment and gathering detailed information when dealing with pediatric patients. It emphasizes the significance of considering developmental aspects in understanding a child's behavior and addressing any potential concerns early on to promote optimal growth and development.