All the following are symptoms of acute IgE-mediated food allergy EXCEPT

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) abdominal pain. Acute IgE-mediated food allergies typically manifest with symptoms like urticaria (hives), pruritis (itching), and diarrhea due to the body's immune response to the allergen. Abdominal pain is not a classic symptom of an IgE-mediated food allergy reaction. Urticaria and pruritis are common skin manifestations seen in IgE-mediated food allergies due to the release of histamine in response to the allergen. Diarrhea can occur as the body tries to expel the allergen through the gastrointestinal tract. Educationally, understanding the symptoms of food allergies is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working with pediatric patients who may have allergies. Recognizing these symptoms promptly can lead to appropriate and timely interventions to prevent severe allergic reactions. It is essential for nurses to be able to differentiate between various symptoms to provide effective care and support to pediatric patients with food allergies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing practice, understanding different types of immune reactions is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children. In this question, the correct answer is A) serum sickness, which is a classic example of a type III (immune complex) reaction. Serum sickness occurs when there is an excessive immune response to antigens in the blood, leading to the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues and cause inflammation. This reaction is characteristic of type III hypersensitivity reactions, where immune complexes are deposited in various tissues, leading to inflammatory responses. Option B) TB skin test reactions are examples of type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reactions, not type III reactions. These reactions involve T cells and do not typically involve immune complexes. Option C) contact dermatitis (neomycin) is an example of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, specifically a contact hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T cells. Option D) graft versus-host disease is a complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and is caused by donor T cells attacking the recipient's tissues. This is not an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Understanding the differences between these types of immune reactions is essential for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and manage various immune-related conditions in children. Recognizing the specific characteristics of each type of hypersensitivity reaction helps nurses provide appropriate care and interventions to pediatric patients experiencing these immune responses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing practice, understanding the rationale behind the use of inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma is crucial. The correct answer, B) "alters the natural history of asthma," is the exception among the advantages of early intervention with inhaled corticosteroids. Explanation: A) "Reduces morbidity": Inhaled corticosteroids help reduce asthma exacerbations, hospitalizations, and overall disease burden, hence decreasing morbidity among pediatric patients with asthma. C) "Reduces airway hyperreactivity": These medications help decrease airway inflammation, which in turn reduces the hyperreactivity of the airways, improving asthma control. D) "Reduces the need for rescue bronchodilator therapy": By managing the underlying inflammation in asthma, inhaled corticosteroids can reduce the reliance on rescue bronchodilators, promoting better long-term asthma control. Educational Context: Understanding the benefits and limitations of inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma management is essential for nurses caring for children with asthma. Early intervention with these medications can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for pediatric patients. It is crucial for nurses to be able to educate patients and families on the rationale behind these treatments to ensure optimal adherence and effectiveness in managing pediatric asthma.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the significance of signs and symptoms that may indicate underlying health conditions. In this scenario, nasal polyps in children under 10 years old should prompt evaluation for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), making option D the correct answer. Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetic disorder affecting cilia's structure and function, leading to recurrent respiratory infections, chronic otitis media, and nasal polyps. These symptoms result from impaired mucociliary clearance due to dysfunctional cilia. The other options (A) celiac disease, (B) ulcerative colitis, and (C) unilateral choanal atresia are less likely causes of nasal polyps in this age group. Celiac disease and ulcerative colitis primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract and do not typically present with nasal polyps. Unilateral choanal atresia is a congenital nasal anomaly characterized by blockage of one nasal passage, but it does not commonly cause bilateral nasal polyps. Educationally, understanding the association between nasal polyps and PCD reinforces the importance of considering rare genetic disorders in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients. It also highlights the necessity of a comprehensive assessment to accurately diagnose and manage conditions in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition in children. Staphylococcus aureus colonization is frequently seen in patients with atopic dermatitis, with more than 90% of affected individuals having colonization of lesional skin. The correct answer, option D) 50%, refers to the colonization rate of uninvolved skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. Option A) 5% is incorrect because the colonization rate is much higher in patients with atopic dermatitis. Option B) 15% is also incorrect as it underestimates the prevalence of colonization on uninvolved skin in these patients. Option C) 25% is closer but still lower than the actual colonization rate. Understanding the high colonization rates of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with atopic dermatitis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. It is important to educate patients and families on proper skin care, hygiene practices, and the management of atopic dermatitis to reduce the risk of infection and exacerbations of the condition. Nurses play a key role in providing education, support, and guidance to promote optimal skin health in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis.