All the following are recognized complications of mechanical ventilation that can result from the use of high tidal volume and/or inspiratory pressure EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: High tidal volume and inspiratory pressure may cause volutrauma, barotrauma, oxytrauma, and atelectotrauma, but they do not directly result in decreased surfactant production.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: While antihistamines, hypoparathyroidism, and prolonged school absences can cause anxiety, carbonated beverages do not directly lead to anxiety in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive) scale is a simple and rapid assessment tool for pediatric consciousness levels, widely used in emergency settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: High tidal volume and inspiratory pressure may cause volutrauma, barotrauma, oxytrauma, and atelectotrauma, but they do not directly result in decreased surfactant production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Massive pleural effusion causes decreased tactile vocal fremitus due to fluid accumulation, which dampens sound transmission. Other findings include tracheal deviation, dullness to percussion, and potential infectious complications.