All the following are features of in vivo skin testing for allergen-specific IgE EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In vivo skin testing for allergen-specific IgE is a common diagnostic tool used in pediatric nursing to identify allergies in children. The correct answer, D) not suppressed by antihistamines, is the exception among the given options. This is because in vivo skin testing is not affected by the use of antihistamines, unlike some other allergy testing methods. Option A) less expensive may seem like a good feature, but it is not the exception as in vivo skin testing is generally cost-effective compared to other allergy testing methods. Option B) greater sensitivity is a key feature of in vivo skin testing, making it a reliable diagnostic tool. Option C) wide allergen selection is another important feature, allowing healthcare providers to test for a variety of allergens in one sitting. From an educational perspective, understanding the features of in vivo skin testing is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps them accurately diagnose and manage allergies in children. Knowing that this testing method is not affected by antihistamines is essential to ensure accurate results and appropriate treatment plans for pediatric patients with allergies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between atopic dermatitis and food allergies is crucial. The correct answer is D) cow milk protein. Cow milk protein allergy is a common trigger for eczematous reactions in infants and young children with atopic dermatitis. Cow milk protein is a common allergen and can exacerbate skin issues in susceptible individuals. Option A) wheat is less commonly associated with eczematous reactions compared to cow milk protein. Option B) egg allergies can also trigger eczema but are not as prevalent as cow milk protein allergies in this context. Option C) fish allergies are more commonly associated with other types of allergic reactions rather than eczematous dermatitis in pediatric patients. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing common food allergens that can exacerbate skin conditions in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. Nurses need to be aware of these associations to provide appropriate education to parents regarding dietary modifications and allergen avoidance to manage skin issues effectively. Understanding these relationships can improve patient outcomes and quality of life for children with atopic dermatitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) penicillin. Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in response to certain medications, with penicillin being the most common culprit. Penicillin is known to trigger an immune response resulting in the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to serum sickness symptoms. Option A) gentamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and is not commonly associated with serum sickness. Option B) ceftiaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic and is not a common trigger for serum sickness. Option D) carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication and is not typically implicated in serum sickness reactions. In the context of pediatric nursing practice, understanding the common medications that can lead to adverse reactions like serum sickness is crucial for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about medication side effects, allergic reactions, and hypersensitivity responses to promptly recognize and manage such situations in pediatric patients. This knowledge helps in ensuring the well-being and safety of pediatric patients under their care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the long-term complications of respiratory illnesses like bronchiolitis is crucial for providing effective care. In this case, the correct answer is A) Adenovirus. Adenovirus is associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans, a serious condition where the small airways in the lungs become inflamed and scarred, leading to long-term respiratory issues. Human metapneumovirus (Option B), Influenza virus (Option C), and Parainfluenza virus (Option D) are not typically associated with bronchiolitis obliterans. While these viruses can cause respiratory symptoms and complications, they are not commonly linked to the specific long-term complication mentioned in the question. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of differentiating between respiratory viruses and their potential long-term effects on pediatric patients. Nurses need to be aware of the specific associations between viruses and complications to provide comprehensive care and appropriate interventions for children recovering from bronchiolitis. Understanding these connections can help nurses monitor for signs of bronchiolitis obliterans and collaborate with healthcare teams to manage and prevent long-term respiratory issues in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In hereditary methemoglobinemia, the most common cause is a deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in reducing methemoglobin back to hemoglobin, which is vital for oxygen transport in the blood. Option B, Glutathione peroxidase, is not associated with methemoglobinemia but rather with protection against oxidative stress by reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides. Option C, Heme oxygenase, is involved in breaking down heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and iron, and its deficiency is not linked to methemoglobinemia. Option D, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, is involved in folate metabolism and is not directly related to the pathophysiology of methemoglobinemia. Educationally, understanding the specific enzyme deficiencies related to hereditary methemoglobinemia is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and manage this condition effectively in pediatric patients. This knowledge aids in providing safe and competent care by facilitating early identification of symptoms and appropriate interventions.