All the following are complications of serum sickness EXCEPT

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in response to foreign proteins, such as certain medications or antitoxins. The correct answer is A) colitis, as it is not typically associated with serum sickness. Option B) glomerulonephritis is a potential complication of serum sickness due to immune complex deposition in the glomeruli leading to inflammation and kidney damage. Option C) Guillain-Barré syndrome can be a complication due to immune system dysfunction following exposure to foreign proteins triggering an autoimmune response. Option D) peripheral neuritis can occur as a result of the immune response in serum sickness affecting peripheral nerves. Educationally, understanding the complications of serum sickness is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive care to children experiencing hypersensitivity reactions. Recognizing these complications enables nurses to monitor for signs and symptoms, implement appropriate interventions, and collaborate with healthcare providers to manage and treat serum sickness effectively. This knowledge contributes to promoting positive patient outcomes and ensuring safe nursing practice in pediatric settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) allergic asthma. Type I Hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic reactions initiated by the binding of an allergen to IgE antibodies on mast cells or basophils, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine. Allergic asthma is a classic example of a type I hypersensitivity reaction where exposure to allergens triggers an immune response in the respiratory tract, causing symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. Option A) Rh hemolytic anemia is a type II hypersensitivity reaction where antibodies target antigens on cell surfaces, leading to cell destruction. This is not a type I hypersensitivity reaction. Option B) Goodpasture syndrome is an example of a type II hypersensitivity reaction where antibodies attack the basement membrane of the kidneys and lungs. This is not a type I hypersensitivity reaction. Option D) Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction where immune complexes deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation. This is different from a type I hypersensitivity reaction triggered by IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. Understanding the different types of hypersensitivity reactions is crucial in pediatric nursing as it helps in identifying and managing allergic conditions effectively. Recognizing the specific characteristics of each type of reaction allows for targeted interventions and improved patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the correct answer is C) high-grade fever. When assessing a child with asthma, a chest radiograph is typically not necessary with the first episode unless there are complicating factors. A high-grade fever could indicate a possible underlying infection like pneumonia, which may warrant a chest radiograph to assess for complications or co-existing conditions. Option A) tachycardia is a common symptom in asthma due to increased work of breathing and is not a direct indication for a chest radiograph. Option B) poor air movement is a clinical sign of asthma exacerbation but does not necessarily require a chest radiograph unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Option D) pulsus paradoxus, a finding of decreased systolic blood pressure during inspiration, is associated with severe asthma but is not a direct indication for a chest radiograph. Educationally, understanding the appropriate indications for diagnostic tests like chest radiographs in pediatric asthma is crucial for nurses caring for children with respiratory conditions. It is important to prioritize diagnostic interventions based on evidence-based guidelines to provide efficient and effective care while minimizing unnecessary procedures and patient discomfort.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding CHARGE association is crucial as it is a rare genetic disorder that can have significant implications for a child's health. The correct answer, A) cataract, is not typically associated with CHARGE syndrome. Cataracts are not commonly seen as a characteristic feature of this syndrome. Option B) congenital heart disease, Option C) choanal atresia, and Option D) genitourinary defects are all commonly associated with CHARGE syndrome. Congenital heart disease, choanal atresia (a blockage of the back of the nasal passage), and genitourinary defects are key components of the acronym CHARGE, which stands for Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth and/or development, Genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and Ear abnormalities and deafness. Educationally, knowing the components of CHARGE syndrome is important for nurses caring for pediatric patients as it helps in early recognition of potential issues, timely interventions, and appropriate referrals to specialists. Understanding these associations enhances comprehensive care and ensures better outcomes for children with CHARGE syndrome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the use of topical anti-inflammatory agents for atopic dermatitis is crucial. The correct answer, D, states that reduced efficacy of topical corticosteroids is usually related to glucocorticoid resistance. This is incorrect because reduced efficacy is more commonly associated with factors like incorrect application techniques, insufficient quantity used, or non-compliance with treatment regimens. Option A is true because ointments provide better occlusion and hydration for the skin compared to creams and lotions. Option B is correct as the goal is to use the least potent corticosteroid that is effective to minimize side effects, especially in children. Option C is also accurate as low-potency, nonfluorinated corticosteroids are recommended for sensitive areas like the face to reduce the risk of skin thinning and other adverse effects. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to be knowledgeable about the appropriate use of topical anti-inflammatory agents in managing atopic dermatitis in children. Understanding the nuances of different types of corticosteroids, their potencies, and proper application techniques ensures safe and effective care for pediatric patients with skin conditions.