All the following are compatible with the definition of obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Oxygen desaturation of 2-30% is too low to define mild-to-moderate sleep apnea.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Following a paracentesis procedure where a large amount of ascitic fluid is removed, there is a risk of developing a fluid shift and a potential complication known as "paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction" (PICD). This may cause a sudden increase in central blood volume due to rapid re-distribution of fluid, leading to respiratory congestion, dyspnea, and hypoxemia. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to monitor the client closely for signs of respiratory distress or congestion immediately after the procedure to prevent any respiratory complications. A rapid, thready pulse (choice A) may indicate hypovolemia, but it is not the most important immediate concern in this case. Decreased peristalsis (choice B) and an increased temperature (choice D) are not typically associated with the immediate post-paracentesis period and are therefore lower priorities compared to monitoring for signs of respiratory congestion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The major manifestation of nephrotic syndrome is edema. Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to excessive protein loss in the urine. This results in low levels of protein in the blood, particularly albumin, leading to a decrease in oncotic pressure. The decreased oncotic pressure causes fluid to accumulate in the interstitial spaces, leading to edema formation. Patients with nephrotic syndrome typically present with periorbital edema, pedal edema, and ascites due to the fluid redistribution in the body. Hematuria, hyperalbuminemia, and anemia are not typically the primary manifestations of nephrotic syndrome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: One of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children is blood loss. Children are at risk for blood loss due to trauma, surgical procedures, gastrointestinal bleeding, or other conditions that result in significant blood volume reduction. Blood loss leads to a decrease in circulating blood volume, which in turn reduces tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery to vital organs. This results in hypovolemic shock, where the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs, leading to organ dysfunction and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, recognizing and addressing blood loss promptly is essential in managing hypovolemic shock in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Stage III indicates local spread (e.g., to lymph nodes or peritoneum) but still carries a very good prognosis with appropriate treatment.