All of the following statements regarding diuretics are true, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A: Carbonic anhydrase inhibition leads to increased reabsorption of NaHCO3 is incorrect because carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide inhibit the reabsorption of NaHCO3 in the proximal tubule, leading to bicarbonate diuresis. B: Loop diuretics inhibit the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter at the thick ascending loop of Henle, not by competing for the Cl- site. C: The potency of a diuretic is determined by its mechanism of action and not necessarily by where it acts in the renal tubule. D: Hydrochlorothiazide decreases urinary calcium excretion is correct as it inhibits the Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to increased calcium reabsorption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Sulfonamides can cause hematopoietic disturbances like anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Crystalluria can occur due to the precipitation of sulfonamide crystals in urine. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common gastrointestinal side effects of sulfonamides. Therefore, all of these unwanted effects can be attributed to sulfonamide use. The other choices are incorrect because each of them individually represents a specific side effect of sulfonamides, while the correct answer encompasses all the possible unwanted effects associated with sulfonamides.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because praziquantel increases cell membrane permeability for calcium, leading to paralysis, dislodgement, and death of helminthes. This mechanism disrupts the helminth's ability to maintain membrane integrity and homeostasis, ultimately causing their demise. A is incorrect as praziquantel does not block acetylcholine transmission. B is incorrect because praziquantel does not inhibit microtubule synthesis or impair glucose uptake. D is incorrect as praziquantel does not inhibit oxidative phosphorylation in helminthes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Asparaginase. Asparaginase is used in acute leukemia treatment to deplete asparagine, an essential amino acid for cancer cell growth. This enzyme helps inhibit protein synthesis in leukemia cells, leading to cell death. Dihydrofolate reductase (A) is targeted by methotrexate, not commonly used in leukemia. Aromatase (C) inhibitors are used in breast cancer, not leukemia. DNA gyrase (D) is a bacterial enzyme targeted by antibiotics, not used in leukemia treatment. In conclusion, B is the correct choice for acute leukemia treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C (Adenosine) is correct: 1. Adenosine is used for supraventricular tachycardia due to its ability to slow conduction through the AV node. 2. Mexiletine and Lidocaine are sodium channel blockers used for ventricular arrhythmias, not supraventricular tachycardia. 3. Amiodarone is a broad-spectrum antiarrhythmic used for various types of arrhythmias, not specific to supraventricular tachycardia. Summary: Adenosine is the correct answer because of its specific mechanism of action in treating supraventricular tachycardia. Mexiletine, Lidocaine, and Amiodarone are used for different types of arrhythmias, making them incorrect choices.