All of the following statements regarding cardiac glycoside-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias are true EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is the correct answer because cardiac glycoside-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias are more common in patients with hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia. This is due to the increased sensitivity of the myocardium to glycosides in the setting of low potassium levels. A: Lidocaine is not the drug of choice for treating these arrhythmias; instead, antiarrhythmic medications like phenytoin or amiodarone are preferred. B: Digibind (Digoxin-specific antibody) is used in severe cases to reverse the effects of cardiac glycosides. D: Patients with heart failure or preexisting heart damage are at higher risk for developing these arrhythmias due to impaired cardiac function and increased susceptibility to glycoside toxicity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because dopamine in high doses primarily acts on alpha-adrenoreceptors, leading to peripheral vasoconstriction. This is known as the "pressor effect" of dopamine. Dopamine does not directly act on its own receptors (choice B) for vasodilation. While dopamine can also stimulate beta-1 adrenoreceptors (choice C) to enhance cardiac output, this is not the main effect in high doses. Choice D is incorrect because dopamine primarily influences alpha-adrenoreceptors, not all of the listed receptors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because iodism refers to the adverse effects of excessive iodine intake, not a situation where iodide preparations are used. A: Iodide is used in thyroid disorders to regulate thyroid hormone production. B: Iodide can be used in granulomatous lesions like Syphilis due to its anti-inflammatory properties. C: Iodide is used as an antiseptic due to its antimicrobial properties. In summary, iodide preparations are used in various medical conditions except for causing iodism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Glucocorticoids are a class of hormonal steroids. Step 2: They have important effects on intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular function, growth, and immunity. Step 3: Glucocorticoids also have salt-retaining activity. Step 4: Some glucocorticoids may exhibit androgenic or estrogenic activity. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all the statements in choices A, B, and C are true regarding the characteristics of glucocorticoids. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because glucocorticoids are not limited to just one specific function or activity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because anaphylactic shock is indeed a severe allergic reaction characterized by a drop in blood pressure, urticaria, and breathing difficulties triggered by exposure to an allergen after previous sensitizing exposure. This description matches the definition of anaphylactic shock, making the statement true. The other choices are incorrect because stating it is false (B), all encompassing (C), or none of the above (D) does not align with the specific characteristics and causes of anaphylactic shock.