All of the following statements concerning vitamin E functions are true, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Vitamin E is not specifically required for the synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors. A: True. Vitamin E is a vital antioxidant protecting cell membranes from damage. B: True. Vitamin E is known for its antisterility and antiabortion properties. D: True. Vitamin E is essential for regulating oxidative processes. In summary, vitamin E does not play a direct role in the synthesis of clotting factors, making statement C incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: D is the correct answer because the parathyroid hormone (PTH) actually increases calcium reabsorption and decreases phosphate excretion in the kidneys, not the other way around. PTH acts on the kidneys to enhance calcium reabsorption and decrease phosphate reabsorption, leading to increased serum calcium levels and decreased serum phosphate levels. Choices A, B, and C are correct statements about PTH, highlighting its role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the body.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because magnesium is not a physiological calcium agonist. Magnesium acts as a physiological calcium antagonist, meaning it competes with calcium for binding sites and can inhibit calcium influx into cells. This is important for various cellular functions, including muscle contraction, nerve conduction, and blood clotting. Choices A, B, and C are correct statements about magnesium. Magnesium is indeed mainly an intracellular cation and is the fourth most abundant cation in the body. The recommended dietary amounts of magnesium are around 350-400 mg per day, and the common causes of magnesium deficiency include diet, alcoholism, diarrhea, malabsorption, diabetes mellitus, and certain medications like diuretics and aminoglycosides.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Collecting duct. Amiloride acts as a potassium-sparing diuretic by blocking sodium channels in the collecting duct, preventing reabsorption of sodium and water. This leads to increased excretion of sodium and water, while retaining potassium. This mechanism specifically targets the collecting duct, making choice D the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because amiloride does not act on the proximal convoluted tubule, ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle, or distal convoluted tubule.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Myconazol. Myconazol is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat candidiasis, a fungal infection caused by Candida species. It works by inhibiting the growth of the fungal cells. Griseofulvin (A) is an antifungal used for dermatophyte infections, not candidiasis. Nitrofungin (B) is not commonly used for candidiasis treatment. Streptomycin (D) is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not fungal infections. Thus, Myconazol is the correct choice for candidiasis treatment.