All of the following hormones is produced by the anterior pituitary except:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxytocin. The anterior pituitary gland produces several hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (A), growth hormone (B), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (D). Oxytocin is actually produced by the posterior pituitary gland, not the anterior pituitary. Oxytocin is responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it is not produced by the anterior pituitary unlike the other hormones mentioned.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intranasal vasopressin may be helpful. In diabetes insipidus, there is a deficiency of vasopressin leading to excessive urination and thirst. Administering vasopressin intranasally can help replace the deficient hormone, reducing urine output and thirst. Hypernatremia (choice A) can occur due to excessive water loss, but it is not always present. There is no osmolar gap (choice C) in diabetes insipidus. Urine specific gravity (choice D) is typically low in diabetes insipidus due to the dilute urine produced.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chronic pancreatitis. Hypoglycemia is not typically associated with chronic pancreatitis as it is more related to pancreatic insufficiency and impaired glucose regulation. A: Glycogen storage disease can lead to hypoglycemia due to the inability to properly release stored glucose. C: Galactosaemia can cause hypoglycemia due to the impaired breakdown of galactose into glucose. D: Post-gastrectomy can lead to hypoglycemia due to rapid glucose absorption and altered hormonal responses.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bi-temporal hemianopia. Pituitary adenoma compressing the optic chiasm typically leads to bi-temporal hemianopia due to compression of the crossing fibers from the nasal visual fields. This results in loss of peripheral vision in both temporal visual fields. A: Bilateral inferior visual field deficits and B: Bilateral superior visual field deficits are less likely as they are not typical patterns associated with optic chiasm compression. D: Right homonymous hemianopia is incorrect as it is not associated with compression of the optic chiasm by a pituitary adenoma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Rheumatic carditis) Rationale: 1. Rheumatic carditis is a heart condition, which may lead to a decreased cardiac output and subsequently a lower pulse rate during sleep. 2. Anxiety neurosis can lead to increased sympathetic activity, causing an elevated pulse rate during sleep. 3. Pulmonary tuberculosis can cause systemic inflammation and increased metabolic demand, resulting in an elevated pulse rate during sleep. 4. Atropine, a parasympatholytic drug, inhibits the action of the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to an increased pulse rate.