All of the following except___ are considered standard therapy for an elderly person with congestive heart failure (CHF).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because antibiotics are not standard therapy for congestive heart failure in the elderly. The rationale is that antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not heart failure. A: ACE inhibitors are standard therapy as they help dilate blood vessels and reduce the workload on the heart. C: Diuretics help reduce fluid buildup in the body, which is beneficial for managing CHF symptoms. D: Beta blockers are used to reduce the heart's workload and help manage the stress response, making them standard therapy for CHF.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because older adults are indeed the fastest growing population using computers and the Internet due to increasing digital literacy and accessibility. Choice B is incorrect as research shows older adults are increasingly using social networking sites. Choice C is incorrect as many older adults do perceive the Internet as a valuable resource. Choice D is also incorrect as older adults are utilizing the Internet to connect with their healthcare providers more frequently.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Mezey and Fulmer (2002) justify gerontological nursing research by emphasizing that it positively influences outcomes from nursing care. This is supported by evidence showing how research in gerontological nursing can lead to improved quality of care for older adults. Other choices are incorrect: A is not directly supported by the justification provided by Mezey and Fulmer (2002), C is too specific and not the main focus of their justification, and D is not mentioned in the justification and does not address the impact of research on nursing care outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: administer the lowest dose of 2 mg. In older adults, especially the elderly, it is essential to start with the lowest effective dose of medication to minimize the risk of adverse effects. This approach follows the principle of "start low and go slow" when administering medications to older adults due to age-related changes in drug metabolism and increased sensitivity to medications. Administering the lowest effective dose helps to reduce the risk of potential complications such as respiratory depression, sedation, and falls. Choice A (administer the highest dose of 6 mg) is incorrect because starting with the highest dose can increase the risk of adverse effects in older adults. Choice C (avoid the narcotic because of the risk of addiction) is incorrect as it is important to manage pain effectively in post-operative patients, and opioids can be safely used under proper supervision. Choice D (administer the dose only when the client asks for the medication 2 times) is incorrect as pain management should be

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because antibiotics are not standard therapy for congestive heart failure in the elderly. The rationale is that antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not heart failure. A: ACE inhibitors are standard therapy as they help dilate blood vessels and reduce the workload on the heart. C: Diuretics help reduce fluid buildup in the body, which is beneficial for managing CHF symptoms. D: Beta blockers are used to reduce the heart's workload and help manage the stress response, making them standard therapy for CHF.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because older adults with chronic conditions are often prescribed multiple medications to manage their various health issues, leading to polypharmacy and increased risk of adverse drug reactions. This challenge can result in medication mismanagement, drug interactions, and medication non-adherence. The other choices are incorrect because comorbidities are common in older adults, medical intervention is generally accepted, and older adults often experience declines in physical and cognitive health with age.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because storytelling allows older clients to recall and share past experiences, promoting reminiscence. Storytelling evokes memories and encourages clients to reflect on their lives. Playing cards, painting, and watching movies do not necessarily prompt reminiscence as effectively as storytelling does. Playing cards and painting are activities that may not directly stimulate reminiscence, and watching movies may not engage clients in personal reflection as much as storytelling does.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, dramatic loss of melanin. Melanin is a pigment responsible for skin color and does not play a role in the development of pressure ulcers. Shearing, decreased body weight, and malnutrition (decreased serum albumin) are all known risk factors for pressure ulcers in the elderly. Shearing can lead to tissue damage, decreased body weight can indicate poor nutrition and muscle wasting, and malnutrition can impair wound healing and skin integrity. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not contribute to the likelihood of an elderly person developing a pressure ulcer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Monitoring for electrolyte imbalances and adjusting medications accordingly. In advanced CKD, electrolyte imbalances can worsen kidney function and lead to complications. Monitoring electrolytes like potassium and adjusting medications such as diuretics is crucial. A: Initiating early dialysis is not always necessary and should be based on individual patient factors. B: Avoiding all medications is not feasible as some medications are essential and can be adjusted based on kidney function. D: Limiting fluid intake to less than 500 mL per day is too restrictive and can lead to dehydration.