All of the following drugs increase the effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Nondepolarizing blockers compete with depolarizing agents at the neuromuscular junction, reducing their effects. 2. Aminoglycosides can potentiate neuromuscular blockade. 3. Antiarrhythmic drugs can enhance neuromuscular blockade. 4. Local anesthetics can increase neuromuscular blockade. 5. Therefore, only nondepolarizing blockers do not increase the effects of depolarizing agents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because pindolol and oxprenolol are both partial agonists at beta-adrenergic receptors. This means they have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. This property sets them apart from other beta blockers that do not have partial agonist activity. A: They are nonselective beta antagonists - True, they block both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. C: They are less likely to cause bradycardia and abnormalities in plasma lipids - True, due to their partial agonist activity. D: They are effective in hypertension and angina - True, they are used for these conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thiopental. Thiopental is used intravenously as anesthesia due to its rapid onset and short duration of action, making it suitable for induction of anesthesia. Phenobarbital, Flurazepam, and Zolpidem are not typically used for anesthesia due to slower onset, longer duration, and different mechanisms of action. Thiopental's pharmacokinetic profile and effectiveness in inducing anesthesia make it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is the first-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia due to its efficacy in reducing nerve firing and alleviating neuropathic pain. It works by blocking sodium channels in neurons. Lamotrigine (A) is more commonly used for epilepsy. Topiramate (C) is effective for migraine prevention but less so for trigeminal neuralgia. Valproate (D) is not typically used for trigeminal neuralgia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Opioid analgesics with affinity for the mu receptor exert their principal central nervous system effects through various mechanisms. 1. Analgesia: Opioids bind to mu receptors, inhibiting pain transmission in the CNS. 2. Respiratory depression: Stimulation of mu receptors in the brainstem suppresses the respiratory drive. 3. Euphoria: Activation of mu receptors in the limbic system can induce feelings of euphoria. Therefore, all these effects are collectively produced by opioids with mu receptor affinity. Other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass the comprehensive range of central nervous system effects associated with this class of analgesics.