ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
All of the following cause neonatal seizurEXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neonatal seizurstem from pyridoxine deficiency , causing refractory epilepsy; lissencephaly , a malformation with epileptogenic cortex; hypoglycemia , lowering seizure threshold; and hypoxia-ischemia (D in original). Spina bifida , a spinal defect, rarely causseizurunless complicated by meningitis or severe hydrocephalus, which isnt typical neonatally. Incontinentia pigmentosa also links to seizurvia brain lesions. Spina bifidas primary spinal focus, lacking direct cortical irritability, makes D the exception and correct answer, per neonatal seizure etiology.
Question 2 of 5
A method to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Folate supplementation 1 month before conception reducneural tube defect (NTD) incidence by 50-70%, per CDC, supporting neurulation by day 28 post-conception. Starting at 12 weeks is too late; neurulation is complete. Avoiding STDs prevents infections, not NTDs. Chromosomal screening identifitrisomies, not NTDs. Preconception folatpreventive timing, per public health data, make B the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Migraine is defined as a recurrent headache with symptom-free intervals and at least three of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Migraine (ICHD-3) requirrecurrent headachwith featurlike abdominal pain , nausea/emesis , throbbing quality , unilateral location (D in original), relief with sleep , or aura . Absent family history is not a diagnostic criterion; family history supports diagnosis but isnt required. Its exclusion from core features, per migraine definitions, makes D the exception and correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A 6-year-old recovering from chickenpox becomataxic and unable to walk, with normal exam otherwise. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-varicella cerebellar ataxia is a common, self-limited complication in children, onset days after chickenpox, causing acute ataxia with normal cognition. Encephalitis involvfever and altered mentation. Thrombosis causfocal deficits. Demyelination (e.g., ADEM) is rarer, often post-vaccination. Chorea involvmovements, not ataxia. Cerebellar ataxias viral link makes C the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A 9-year-old female presented with acne that was resistant to treatment, examination revealed fibrovascular lesions on the nose and malar regions. She gave history of seizurstarted in early infancy. This skin lesion is called
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adenoma sebaceum are fibrovascular facial lesions (angiofibromas) in tuberous sclerosis, fitting this 9-year-old with resistant acne-like lesions and infantile seizures. Café au lait maculare flat, brown, in NF1. Ash-leaf spots are hypopigmented in tuberous sclerosis, not facial. Shagreen patch is lumbosacral, not facial. Fibromas are peripheral. Tuberous sclerosiss triad (seizures, intellectual disability, skin lesions) and adenomas malar distribution make B the correct answer, per diagnostic criteria.