All of the following can be advantages to IV administration except?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: IV administration bypasses the need for patient compliance with oral medications. Step 2: Patients do not need to remember to take medications at specific times. Step 3: Improved patient compliance is not an advantage of IV administration. Step 4: Commercial availability, increased onset of action, and increased bioavailability are benefits. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is A: Improved patient compliance is not an advantage of IV administration. Summary: IV administration offers benefits like quick onset of action, high bioavailability, and availability of products, but it does not improve patient compliance since it does not require patients to remember to take medications orally.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Toxicity. Elevated serum creatinine level indicates impaired kidney function, leading to decreased drug clearance. This increases the risk of drug accumulation and toxicity in the body. Increased absorption (B) is not directly related to elevated creatinine levels. Delayed gastric emptying (C) affects drug absorption in the stomach, not clearance. Idiosyncratic effects (D) are unpredictable reactions unrelated to creatinine levels. Therefore, toxicity is the greatest risk due to impaired drug clearance in older adults with elevated serum creatinine levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. For a 6-feet tall client weighing 280 pounds, the dose will be higher due to increased body weight requiring higher medication levels for therapeutic effect. Body weight influences drug distribution and metabolism. Option B is incorrect as higher weight typically requires higher dosage. Option C is incorrect as weight affects drug dosage. Option D is unrelated to the question about dosage based on weight and height.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because agonists bind to receptors and initiate a physiologic response. Step 1: Agonists mimic the action of endogenous ligands by binding to receptors. Step 2: This binding activates the receptors, leading to a specific physiological effect. Step 3: Choice A is incorrect because agonists do not alter distribution and metabolism processes. Choice B is incorrect as agonists do not counteract neurotransmitters but rather imitate their effects. Choice C is incorrect as agonists do not block neurotransmitter action, but enhance it by binding to receptors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: GI function. The absorption of drugs can be affected by the gastrointestinal (GI) function, including factors like gastric emptying time, pH of the stomach, and presence of food or other substances in the digestive tract. These factors can impact how quickly and effectively a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream. In this case, if the client's GI function is altered, it could explain why the sleeping pill did not work as expected. Summary of other choices: B: Blood flow to the site of administration - While blood flow can affect the distribution of a drug in the body, it does not directly impact drug absorption. C: The presence of other drugs - While interactions between drugs can affect drug efficacy, this primarily affects metabolism and excretion, not absorption. D: Route of administration - The route of administration affects how a drug is delivered to the body, but it does not directly impact drug absorption in this scenario.