ATI RN
Respiratory System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
All of the following are unpaired cartilage of larynx except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: cuneiform. The cuneiform cartilages are paired cartilages, not unpaired. The epiglottis, cricoid, and thyroid cartilages are unpaired cartilages of the larynx. The epiglottis functions in covering the larynx during swallowing, the cricoid provides support for the larynx, and the thyroid cartilage forms the "Adam's apple." The cuneiform cartilages, on the other hand, are small paired cartilages located within the aryepiglottic folds. They help maintain the shape and stiffness of these folds, assisting in vocal cord function.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 30-year-old American Indian female who is taking Rifater, a drug containing rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. The patient asks how long she will have to take the medication. Which response explains when the patient may discontinue the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: When three consecutive sputum cultures are negative. This indicates successful treatment completion and eradication of the tuberculosis infection. A negative sputum culture confirms that the patient is no longer infectious and can safely discontinue the medication. Choice A is incorrect because a single negative sputum culture does not guarantee complete eradication of the infection. Choice B is incorrect as the standard treatment duration for tuberculosis is typically 6-9 months, but discontinuation should be based on sputum culture results. Choice D is incorrect as the TST can remain positive even after successful treatment, as it reflects exposure to the tuberculosis bacteria, not active infection status.
Question 3 of 5
What is the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on the excretion of bicarbonate in the urine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions in the kidney. Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase reduces bicarbonate reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of bicarbonate in the urine. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Incorrect choices: B: Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase would decrease bicarbonate reabsorption, resulting in increased excretion, not decreased. C: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase does have an effect on bicarbonate excretion. D: Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase would not increase reabsorption but rather decrease it, leading to increased excretion.
Question 4 of 5
When teaching a patient with heart failure on a 2000-mg sodium diet. Which foods should the nurse recommend limiting?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Milk. Milk is a high sodium food and can contribute significantly to a patient's daily sodium intake. For a patient on a 2000-mg sodium diet, it is crucial to limit high sodium foods like milk to prevent fluid retention and worsening of heart failure symptoms. Other choices (A, B, C) are lower in sodium compared to milk. Chicken, fresh spinach, and eggs are generally good protein sources with lower sodium content and can be included in moderation in a 2000-mg sodium diet for a heart failure patient.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these does not affect diffusion rate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Molecular weight of gas. Diffusion rate is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight of the gas. This means that as the molecular weight increases, the diffusion rate decreases. This is because heavier molecules move more slowly and have a harder time diffusing through a medium. Surface area for diffusion, concentration gradient, and solubility of gas all directly affect diffusion rate. Increasing the surface area for diffusion allows for more space for molecules to diffuse, a steeper concentration gradient increases the rate of diffusion, and higher solubility of gas in a medium enhances the diffusion rate.