All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands, except that it

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because merocrine sweat glands produce odorless sweat. The body odor associated with sweating is caused by apocrine sweat glands, not merocrine glands. Merocrine sweat helps prevent bacterial growth (B) through its antimicrobial properties. It contains water and waste products (C) such as urea and salts. Merocrine sweat is mostly water (D), aiding in cooling the body through evaporation. Therefore, A is incorrect as merocrine sweat does not produce body odor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: skin oil. Sebum is a waxy, oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. It helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Regular sweat (option A) is produced by sweat glands and is primarily composed of water and electrolytes. Milk (option B) is produced by mammary glands in mammals. Odiferous sweat (option D) refers to sweat that may have a strong odor due to bacterial activity, not sebum. Therefore, the correct term for the substance produced by the sebaceous glands is skin oil, making option C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When the arrector pili muscles contract, they pull on the hair follicles, causing the hair to stand upright, resulting in goosebumps. This physiological response is triggered by emotions or cold temperature to trap air and increase insulation. The other choices are incorrect because sweat release is controlled by sweat glands, skin color changes are unrelated to arrector pili muscles, and shivering is a response to generate heat, not directly caused by arrector pili muscle contraction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Central adiposity refers to fat accumulation around the abdomen, which is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders like heart disease and stroke. The excess fat in this area can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, contributing to cardiovascular issues. Liver diseases are more closely associated with visceral fat accumulation, not specifically central adiposity. Lung diseases and reproductive illnesses are not directly linked to central adiposity. Therefore, choice A is correct due to the established connection between central adiposity and cardiovascular disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: malignant melanoma. Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer as it originates in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. It has the potential to spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early. Melanoma has a high mortality rate compared to other types of skin cancer. A: Melanosome is incorrect as it refers to the cellular organelles responsible for producing and storing melanin. B: Metastasis is incorrect as it refers to the spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another. C: Cyanosis is incorrect as it is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels in the blood.