ATI RN
ATI Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
All of the following are true EXCEPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an antigenic determinant is not a paratope, but an epitope. Epitope is a small portion of a macromolecule that is recognized by antibodies. Variable region domains of antibodies contain the antigen recognition site. The class of an immunoglobulin is indeed determined by its heavy chain. Therefore, C is the only statement that is not true.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is performing an assessment on the patient who is in bilateral Buck traction. Which finding indicates the need to reposition the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because if the patient's feet are against the footboard in Buck traction, it can cause pressure ulcers and compromise circulation. Repositioning the patient is necessary to ensure proper alignment and prevent complications. Incorrect choices: A: The patient's heels not touching the mattress can be due to the traction pulling the legs in a specific position. B: Rewrapping the elastic bandages may be necessary for proper traction maintenance but doesn't indicate immediate need for repositioning. D: The weights hanging free is a normal finding in Buck traction and indicates proper traction application.
Question 3 of 5
The interaction of a TCR with its specific antigen is denoted as "signal 1" of activation and does NOT need the contribution of which of the following components
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. "Signal 1" activation requires TCR to interact with its specific antigen. 2. TCR consists of α and β chains, which are essential for antigen recognition. 3. MHC molecule is crucial for presenting antigens to TCR for recognition. 4. Choice C (28) is not a component involved in TCR-antigen interaction. 5. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it does not contribute to "signal 1" activation. Summary: A and B are incorrect as TCR α and β chains are necessary for antigen recognition. D is incorrect as MHC molecule is essential for presenting antigens to TCR. C is correct as it is not involved in the TCR-antigen interaction process.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statement is incorrect
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because migrating dendritic cells do not enter the draining lymph node (LN) via high endothelial venules (HEV); instead, they enter through afferent lymphatic vessels. HEVs are specialized post-capillary venules in LN where lymphocytes enter from the bloodstream. Dendritic cells, carrying antigens from tissues, travel via afferent lymphatic vessels to reach the LN where they present antigens to lymphocytes. Option A is correct as antigens in tissues reach LN via afferent lymphatic vessels. Option C is correct as infection-induced signals can increase blood flow to LN, facilitating lymphocyte migration. Option D is incorrect because the thoracic duct returns lymph back to the bloodstream, not specifically lymphocytes.
Question 5 of 5
Concerning multiple sclerosis (MS), which of the following is NOT correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because multiple sclerosis (MS) typically affects individuals between 20-50 years old, with the most common age of onset being between 20-40 years. MS is not primarily a disease of older individuals over 65 years. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because various HLA alleles have been associated with MS susceptibility, females are indeed more at risk for MS than males, and there is a known North-South gradient in MS incidence, with higher rates reported for populations living farther from the equator.