All of the following are treatment options for high-risk localised prostate cancer, Except

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Active surveillance suits low/intermediate-risk prostate cancer monitor, not treat high-risk (e.g., Gleason >7). Watchful waiting (palliative) fits comorbidities less aggressive. Prostatectomy + lymph node dissection and radiotherapy are curative high-risk standards. Surveillance's low-risk focus distinguishes it, key to risk-based management, unlike palliative or definitive options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ureterocele commonly presents with urinary infections obstruction/stasis breeds bacteria (e.g., E. coli) in kids/adults. Mass is rare large ureteroceles only. Urethral mass fits prolapse uncommon. VUR is associated, not presenting secondary. Infection's frequency distinguishes it, critical for ureterocele diagnosis, unlike rare or related findings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ultrasound abdomen/pelvis isn't recommended for initial LUTS assessment optional for complications (e.g., hydronephrosis), not routine. IPSS quantifies symptoms essential. DRE checks prostate size standard. Uroflow measures obstruction key. USS's secondary role distinguishes it, critical for guideline-based evaluation, unlike primary tools.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: 15 mm Hg is standard pneumoperitoneum pressure for robotic/laparoscopic procedures balances visibility and safety (e.g., renal surgery). 5 mm Hg is too low poor exposure. 10 mm Hg suits pediatrics insufficient for adults. 20 mm Hg risks hypercapnia/ischemia excessive. 15 mm Hg distinguishes it, critical for optimal operative field without undue risk, unlike under- or over-pressurized options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Potassium is reabsorbed in exchange for sodium in the distal tubule (Na+/K+ pump), not chloride (co-transported), calcium, or magnesium (different mechanisms). This distinguishes ion exchange, key for electrolyte balance, contrasting with passive processes.