ATI RN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
All of the following are risk factors for UTI EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Irregular menses isn't a UTI risk unrelated to urinary tract (e.g., hormonal, not mechanical). Intercourse introduces bacteria proven. Uterine prolapse impairs emptying stasis. Diaphragm/spermicide alter flora E. coli growth. Lack of association distinguishes menses, key to risk factors, unlike mechanical/microbial triggers.
Question 2 of 5
When GFR fall, the Na excretion will :
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased GFR reduces Na+ filtration, lowering excretion not increasing or unchanged. This links GFR to sodium handling, key for fluid balance, contrasting with compensatory misconceptions.
Question 3 of 5
A female infant, age 2 years, has a fever and bloody urine. Microscopic examination of the urine reveals red blood cells and neutrophils but no casts. The most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever, hematuria, and neutrophils without casts suggest acute cystitis (infection), not RCC (adults), stones (obstruction), glomerulonephritis (casts), or polycystic kidney (chronic). This aligns with pediatric UTI, key for rapid treatment, contrasting with neoplastic or chronic conditions.
Question 4 of 5
Indicate the diuretic that can produce extracellular volume expansion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) expands extracellular volume by retaining water not thiazides, acetazolamide, or triamterene (Na+ effects). This distinguishes osmotic action, key for cerebral edema, contrasting with natriuretic diuretics.
Question 5 of 5
All of the following is true about polycystic kidney disease EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autosomal dominant (AD) PKD is common, presents 20-50, progresses to ESRF, and 50% familial not recessive (AR, childhood). This corrects genetics, key for diagnosis, contrasting with recessive misconception.