All of the following are recommended at the initial stages of treating patients with heart failure EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker and is not recommended in the initial stages of treating heart failure. ACE inhibitors and diuretics are commonly used to manage heart failure symptoms, while reduced salt intake is essential to prevent fluid retention. Verapamil can lead to negative effects on the heart in some heart failure patients, making it unsuitable for initial treatment. It is crucial to prioritize medications like ACE inhibitors and diuretics that have proven benefits in managing heart failure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because diuretics help reduce blood volume and sodium ions, leading to decreased blood pressure. By promoting diuresis, diuretics decrease the workload on the heart and blood vessels, thus helping to manage hypertension. A: Blocking adrenergic transmission is typically done by beta-blockers, not diuretics. C: Depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is targeted by ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, not diuretics. D: Depression of the vasomotor center is related to centrally acting antihypertensive medications, not diuretics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vasopressin possesses antidiuretic properties. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine output and conserving water in the body. This helps maintain body fluid balance and prevent dehydration. Choice B is incorrect because vasopressin actually has vasoconstrictive properties, not vasodilatory properties. Choice C is incorrect because vasopressin does not stimulate the release of thyroid hormones. Choice D is also incorrect because vasopressin is known for its antidiuretic effect, not diuretic effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Synthetic estrogens are used to treat conditions related to hormonal imbalances. 2. Primary hypogonadism, postmenopausal hormonal therapy, and hormonal contraception are common indications for synthetic estrogens. 3. Simple obesity is not a condition related to hormonal imbalances. 4. Thus, using synthetic estrogens for the treatment of simple obesity is not a valid indication. Summary: A, B, and C are valid indications for synthetic estrogens as they involve hormonal imbalances. D is incorrect as simple obesity does not involve hormonal imbalances.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Ketoprofen is indeed a propionic acid derivative that inhibits both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase nonselectively. This is because ketoprofen belongs to the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes to reduce inflammation and pain. Additionally, ketoprofen has been shown to inhibit lipoxygenase, another enzyme involved in the inflammatory process. Therefore, this statement accurately describes the pharmacological actions of ketoprofen. Choices B and C are incorrect because the statement is true, and choice D is incorrect as it suggests all options are correct when only option A is accurate in this case.